Modern Museums Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern Museums - Essay Example A museum collects, cares for, and researches the objects it displays. It also keeps a study collection of un-displayed objects. These objects are sometimes called artifacts and are often studied by students and researchers. These Museums preserve and exhibit paintings, sculpture, and other works of art. The collections of some art museums include work from many periods. Famous museums of this type include the Louvre in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Some museums specialize in artworks of one period. For example, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City displays works created since the late 1800's. Other museums exhibit only one type of art. The Museum of International Folk Art in Santa Fe, New Mexico, for example, specializes in folk art from around the world. They illustrate the life and events of the past. Their collections include documents, furniture, tools, and other materials. Many cities and states have historical societies that operate history museums. Most of these museums have exhibits on local history.4 Other types of history museums include living history museums. Museums of this type include living history farms, historic houses, and historic villages. These museums show how people lived or worked during a certain period. On living history farms, workers demonstrate how crops were planted and harvested in earlier times. Historic houses, such as Mount Vernon, George Washington's home near Alexandria, Virginia, have been restored to their original condition and are open to the public. Williamsburg, a historic village in Virginia, has restored and reconstructed buildings that date from the 1700's. In this village, costumed interpreters demonstrate how early colonists performed such tasks as cooking, making shoes, and printing newspapers.5 Science MuseumsSuch museums have exhibits on the natural sciences and technology. Museums of natural history exhibit displays of animals, fossils, plants, rocks, and other objects and organisms found in nature. Most of them, including the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., have exhibits on ecology and the evolution of human beings. Many museums of natural history have special exhibits on dinosaurs and other topics.6 History and Origin of Museums Early Stage of Museums The modern public art museum owes its origins to the systematic ordering of objects that resulted from Enlightenment efforts to classify and make accessible various branches of human knowledge. The art museum's foundation, however, reflects a more fundamental attitude in Western culture, the tendency of separating certain artifacts from others to give those artifacts special reverence, especially for their aesthetic value.7 The Greek word mouseion was originally applied to a sanctuary dedicated to the muses of Greek mythology. While it soon became known

The US military's role in domestic disaster response. Is it an Research Paper

The US military's role in domestic disaster response. Is it an effective use of resources or danger to civil liberties - Research Paper Example This same assistance was provided during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2009 typhoon which flooded the streets of Manila, the Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake, and other global disasters. The utilization of military disaster relief has not however been welcomed by some politicians, with most critics defining such relief as an ineffective use of military resources and as an interference with the civil liberties of citizens. Others have been quick to point out however that providing disaster relief is not a waste of military resources and in fact is a necessary function of the US military, an adjunct to their peace and order function. This paper shall now review this issue, specifically on the US military’s role in domestic disaster response and whether or not it is an effective use of resources or a danger to civil liberties. Disasters are significant and widespread events which involve the loss of life and which cause significant damage to property and infrastructures (Weeks, 2007). Accidents on the other hand are at a smaller scale with less lives and property lost. In these situations, failure of communication seems to be one of the more persistent issues often faced, along with the inability to establish clear links with other agencies. Disasters imply the significant loss of life and it usually occurs without warning (Weeks, 2007). It also has a significant impact on society, including its culture and geography. These events are difficult to assess because of the widespread impact they cause. The major challenges which first responders often face are difficult areas to evaluate. Much preparation must be carried out in order to evaluate disaster situations because they involve a significant amount of elements which cannot be easily controlled and observed (Weeks, 2007). Marret and Brimmer (2008) discuss that the military has increasingly found itself managing disasters and

The Four Ethical Paradigms

The Four Ethical Paradigms In Merchants book she describes four ethical paradigms, these are the process that individuals view the environment from their viewpoints. Egocentric, Homocentric, Ecocentric, and Multicultural and Partnership Ethics are 4 different ways to look at the environment and how to use it. Each person takes their own ethical idea for their life in order to justify and improve their position in life. There are several qualities about each ethical system, and as with any idealology there are good and bad ideas. Understanding each one of these positions more in depth will help us better understand each other, and work towards compromises and a common goal, a better life for everyone. The first paradigm is Egocentric Ethic; this is the thought, or view, that you are focused on yourself. You, the individual, are what matters, and what is good for you will be good for the rest of the group or society. This is not a selfish ideology, it is rather a philosophy that treats individuals separate but equal. This was a very prominent viewpoint in western culture during the 17th century; it was the driving force behind early Americans and their corporations. The main goal was to maximize profit from the development of natural resources. This permits an individual to use any natural resource that they wish; so long that it does not negatively affect their neighbors. An example of this would be a dam. A man cannot dam up a river, because this is limiting the use of the river to other people. However, an entrepreneur could build a dam because, the public whose advantage is always to be regarded, would be deprived of the benefit which always attends competition and rivalry. Thi s ethic is a mirror of the Protestant ethic, that any person is responsible for his salvation through good actions. The second paradigm is Homocentric Ethics. This paradigm is based on the good of society. In the 18th and 19th century, Jeremy Bentham and John Stewart Mill created the concept of Utilitarianism, which is to ensure the greatest good for the greatest number of people. They also believed that social good should be maximized and social evil should be minimized. For this reason the Homocentric ethics was born from Utilitarianism. As with Egocentric ethics, Homocentric ethics has religious beginnings. These were founded in Genesis 1 and 2. That God placed man in the Garden of Eden, not as a master but rather, in a spirit of stewardship. An example of homocentric ethics would be the building of dams for water and hydraulic power for cities and states. One such controversy for this was whether or not they should dam the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite Park as a source of power for the city of San Francisco. The main problem of both Egocentric and Homocentric Ethics is there failure to deter mine what is the greatest good for people. One other ethical system is Ecocentric Ethics. This is based on the idea that all things matter, inanimate objects and livings things, are all giving a value, whatever that may be. This ethical system is partially drawn from ecology, saying that science can no longer be value free; everything must be taken into account. Ecocentric ethics looks to ecology and their beliefs, to resolve ethical dilemmas. The harmony and unity of an ecosystem are the main ideals of this viewpoint; they want everything to be in perfect accord, whatever the costs. All things, including inanimate objects, have a moral considerability (there is a consequence for destroying any item). Modern Ecocentric ethics were first created in the 30s and 40s by Leopold, he changed the role of man to be a plane member of the community, not a conqueror or destroyer but to respect the earth. The roots of these ethics are mostly in holistic (all things are connected) compared to mechanistic and metaphysical ideals. An exampl e of this idealology being used is to restrict the tearing down of forests in order to build a casino, a casino would be most likely appreciated by members of the community, but that does not take in the value of the trees, plants, animals, and other items that would have to be destroyed in order to create the casino. A major reason this is not accepted is because in Western culture we do not place a value on objects that are non-human, but we place a value on them being resources that we can utilize, for the betterment of our society. Deciding when to destroy a resource and when to save one is a major problem for this ideal is a large disagreement in highly developed countries, such as America, because we care more about us and our society, rather then the earth and its value. The fourth and final ethical system is the combination of Multicultural and Partnership Ethics. Multicultural environmental ethics build on the relationship between biological and cultural diversity, humans are not just a species, we have many sub-species as well. The main idea of multicultural ethics is that we all live in one planet and that we are many and also one. They believe that the greater good includes the interest of all living beings. Multicultural ethics are rooted in partnership, which leads to the second half, Partnership ethics. Partnership ethics is the idea of relation, equity between the human and non-human communities, moral consideration for both human and other species, respect for both cultural diversity and bio diversity, inclusion of women, minorities and non-human nature in the code of ethical accountability, an ecologically sound management that is consistent with the continued health of both the human and non-human communities. This is an ethic in which hu mans fulfill their needs and natures needs based on moral consideration for all things. A partnership ethic is grounded in the concept of relation rather than in the ego society or the cosmos. The BP oil spill of 2010 has been recorded as one of the most catastrophic disasters ever. With over 180 million gallons of oil in the Gulf of Mexico, the stakes were high to get it taken care of immediately. In the case of egocentric ethics, it would seem as though there would be virtually no concern for the animals affected. And although there are hundreds of birds and marine life dying and fighting to survive, people would only be concerned with what was directly affecting them. For example, most homeowners that live near the ocean front of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, or Florida, or any place of tourist attraction is going to be greatly affected in profits by this extravagant disaster. But as far as having any concern with the wildlife being affected, they couldnt care less. Homocentric ethics, on the other hand, are concerned with the overall good of the people, rather than the individual. However, there still seems to be little if not any regard for the wildlife and nature that is being affected by the oil spill. A homocentric view would simply look at the amount of jobs ruined, the food and natural resources that were destroyed, peoples way of life as far as where they got that food and how they spent time on the coast for various reasons, and the millions upon millions of dollars that it cost to remove the oil from the Gulf. Ecocentric ethics is a different story altogether. This ethic is concerned with everything on earth, whether it is biotic or abiotic. They would have been devastated at the thought of those thousands of miles of beach and ocean was now toxic with oil. Every rock, blade of grass, animal, and person affected by this tragedy would haunt them. These are the people that would make any effort to rid the gulf of the oil choking our life on earth. They would be concerned with the livelihood of the people who work and live on the gulf. The risen cost of fish and seafood and the availability of the resources needed to those who live there. The last viewpoint is Multicultural and Partnership ethics. They to have this idea that all life matters whether its biotic or abiotic, human or non-human, the only difference is that they believe that we are all different but still one species and should not discriminate against one another just because we are black or white, male or female, human or non-human. Another environmental crisis is happening in China. China currently has the largest population in the world. In the past decade, it has surpassed the United States in the amount of greenhouse gas that is emitted into the air. This problem could continue to get worse as the population grows, more people drive cars than ride bikes, and the Chinese continue to use coal burning power plants. China already has some of the worst air quality and most polluted water systems, this growing greenhouse effect is only worsening they quality of life for China. The egocentric ethic would be much more concerned with this. As far as the health of each individual goes, there is major risk. The individual would try to sustain life any way they could and do what it took to convince others that they are right. The problem would arise, however, that they would not be able to convince enough people to better their life. Homocentric ethics would say that there are major things that need to be done to better the society. Since they are concerned with the population, they would work to make dramatic changes in order to better the health and welfare of the society and themselves. For the ecocentric, they would be greatly concerned, not only for the people, but also for the wildlife and non-living things of the world that could potentially be harmed. The trees and animals that require oxygen are also having to inhale this polluted air, the water that is polluted with garbage, the resources used for the manufacturing of goods, and all other things affected. As for the multicultural and partnership ethics, they again would be equally concerned with all life being affected by the abundance of greenhouse gases being emitted into the atmosphere. However, I think that they are more concerned with the equality of life, meaning that all humans and non humans, men or woman, black or white should be treated the same. With respect and moral concern. I think each paradigm has an intriguing idea behind reasoning, however I would say that Multicultural and Partnership ethics is the best one of the four. Despite the elaborate viewpoint of the ecocentric ethics that everything must be thought of, and is concerned with all things, I feel that the multicultural sense is much more down to earth per say. Although the multicultural ethic is concerned more with equality, they are still part of this idea that all earth is important and holds meaning in the world. I totally believe in equality and the idea that we are all different and yet of the same species and should therefore respect one another as so without the discrimination of another due to the difference in skin color or gender. Each different paradigm indeed has significance and could hold success to some degree, however, I feel that multicultural and partnership ethic would have the best interest and most effect idea of life and how it should be looked at.

Analysis of a Survey Essay -- Truth Honesty Essays

Analysis of a Survey As children, most of us were probably taught the basic lessons of life. Our families tried to instill in us a sense of right and wrong, good versus bad. One of the first lessons we were taught was that of honesty. A related concept of honesty is truth. Truth is a concept we understand as children but eventually learn to manipulate as adults. The dictionary states that honesty "implies a refusal to lie, steal or deceive in any way." However, formal definitions of both truth and honesty contain similar phrases, that is, adherence to or dealing with facts. The terms may or may not be interchangeable, but they are similar in that their foundations are rooted in fact. Telling the truth usually means dealing with the consequences. Sometimes this moment of reckoning is instantaneous. Lying has its consequences as well, but for the most part, these can be postponed to a later date and time. I presume this is one of the reasons why we lie in the first place. As adults, I believe that the vast majority of us have twisted or stretched the truth at one time another in order to serve ourselves better. Is this right or wrong? This line of thought triggered contemplation on one of life's mysteries--is honesty truly the best policy? Many of my friends and colleagues were aware that I had been coping with a situation where people were lying to me. In my case, the consequences were devastating and these people knew I had been extremely hurt and angry. However, in related conversations regarding these circumstances, I was astounded to learn that not everyone shared my opinion that lying was wrong. I had a difficult time accepting this notion but these people insisted that there were times when it was better not to t... .... The difficulty here would be in making the questions as non-threatening as possible. If a respondent felt uncomfortable with the survey, the results could be skewed. I also feel that additional queries would provide the data necessary to make more thought provoking assumptions and analysis. Nevertheless, I found that conducting this survey was an educational experience and one I would not mind repeating. I feel that truth and honesty are closely intertwined. I believe that if you are honest, whether it be with yourself or another person, the truth will come out. I discovered through this survey that things are sometimes not as obvious as they may seem. More importantly, I saw that honesty is something that often must be measured and weighed before being presented. Though I prefer honesty to lies, I can understand how it could throw equilibrium out of balance.

Bob Marley Biography Essay

In the story Marley And Me, John and Jenny Grogan are a new married couple. Jenny becomes depressed that she can’t even keep her plants alive. This made her decide that they should get a dog in order for her to prepare for their future baby. After listening to the soothing reggae music of Bob Marley, they both simultaneously came up with the name Marley for their new puppy. Bob Marley was the connection between the two couples. They heard his music on the car radio as they drove down Biscayne Boulevard; they heard it as they soaked their first conch fitters. They fell in love with South Florida and with each other, and in the background it always seemed Bob Marley. â€Å"We fell in love with his music for it was, but also for what it defined, which was that moment in our lives when we ceased being two and became one.† Bob Marley was the ‘soundtrack’ to their new and exotic life together. Bob Marley, known as the king of reggae, was born on February 6th, 194 5 in St. Ann Parish, Jamaica. His mom was a teenage Jamaican native, and dad was a 50-year-old white navel captain. His parents got married in 1944, which is a year before Bob was born. Norval Marley barely got to see his son Bob since his family did not accept marriage. A couple years after, Bob Marley was sent to a private school to get away from the gangs that were running wild. One of his first and greatest songs â€Å"Simmer Down† was based on how Bob was also known as a rude boy, and would fight back if ever pushed. Bob Marley is widely known for helping Jamaican music come out there worldwide. He has been a great influence in the lives of many present artists, poets, and actors. His songs were based and influenced by the social issues of his homeland because as a child he experienced poverty and violence. When he moved to the private school he was encouraged to play the guitar by one of his new best friends. What truly influenced him were the local performers down in Trench Town. Some of the people he grew up listening to in the trenches of Jamaica are, the legendary Fats Domino, Ray Charles, and Elvis Presley. At first, his career started by him trying to sing just the way his favorite singers sang. Marley’s career started when he was introduced to the Island records because of Leslie Kong who admired Marley’s’ vocals. Bob Marley put his first record on February of 1962; the song was called â€Å"Judge Not† which consisted of loud, scratchy, and fast paced sounds. Music back then consisted of those sounds and definitely was something to dance to. When his song first came out it was only a local hit, but his international fame grew by the years. His friends created the group The Wailers, which were signed to the Maroon records. During the 1969’s, the Wailers first tape was recorded, they were sent to England and released on Trojan records, it was Bob Marley and the Wailers first album. The album was only released in Jamaica and England, and the album sold very well. In the early seventies, Bob Marley and the Wailers were already pretty popular throughout the Caribbean region too. This album would be the new standard of what reggae music would be like, and was thought to be the new music sound that would sweep the world. Bob is also known for his most world famous song, No Woman No Cry. 1976 Rasta man Vibrations was released and the album cracked the American charts. At this point it seemed like Marley was unstoppable. It seemed like nothing could tear him down, but eventually something did and everything went crumbling for Marley. In December of 1976, a murder try took place at Marley’s house. It was a gang of â€Å"sorts† who tried to take Bob Marley down for reasons. Why they wanted to do such thing? That is still unclear till this day. Marley was shot, but did not die since it was not a deadly wound. After that incident, Bob Marley released an even bigger album than Rastaman Vibration came out called, Exodus. Exodus was so popular is stayed on the European charts for 56 weeks! This of course made everything all right for Marley. In 1978 the chart topper Kaya came out. The band saw success once again, and the next year Survival was released, this album was a pro-Africa album, and had songs relating to Africa’s issues at the time. Time however was running out for Bob Marley. In 1980, an other album of Bob Marleys’ was released, Uprising, which was an instant hit. In 1980 a tour with Stevie Wonder was being planned for him and it was going to be the biggest event of his career. Unfortunately, he had a little soccer injury earlier. It was such a simple injury, but it turned into some form of Cancer. The injury refused to heal and instead quickly worsened, the entire nail came off and doctors recommended amputation. It spread throughout his entire body and Bob knew he looked unwell. His last concert was in Pittsburgh on Sept. 23, 1980, at the Stanley Theater. He experienced many different treatments to keep him alive longer. In September of 1980, Marley almost fainted onstage while performing in New York. Marley was diagnosed with a brain tumor (which was the result of the untreated cancer in his toe). Marley was given less than a month to live; the doctors confirmed that he had cancer in the brain, lung, and stomach. Eight months later, Marley passed away at the age of 36, May 11th, 1981. His music lives on through the music of different artists. Bob Marley is not only one of the greatest musicians; he is also one of the greatest men in the history of the world. Through his music, he not only touched the life of his fellow people, he has also influenced their lifestyles, and feelings of people worldwide. He has so many powerful messages through his music. He is dead, but his music is not.

Inception Reflection Essay

After watching inception twice I am still confused as to what was real and what was not. I have come to the conclusion that the entire movie was Cobb dreaming. I believe this because Cobb’s totem used to be his wife’s totem. He only retrieved the totem when they were stuck in limbo. He said never to let anyone else feel the weight of your totem. Meaning that he himself has no way of knowing the actual weight or feel of his wife’s totem. In other words Cobb has no totem, no way of knowing what is real and what isn’t. The totem only shows Cobb what he wants to believe. Since the entire movie was a dream of his making, his subconscious may have led the totem to drop/ wobble when he wanted to believe he was in reality. I believe that Cobb’s wife Mol was the one trying to pull them back to reality. Mol kept trying to draw him out when in reality he kept falling further and further. Cobb didn’t join Mol in jumping off the building to get into reality. Cobb has been dreaming for so long and so deep that he has lost reality. The main reason I believe Cobb has been dreaming all along is because of the ending. When Cobb thinks he has arrived back to reality and back to his children, they are wearing the same clothes, and in the same position as he last saw them. He became suspicious and spun the top. Cobb finally saw his kid’s faces and walked away from his totem. Seeing his kid’s faces was enough reality for him. Cobb created his own reality. He formulated the entire dream to justify his belief in what was real and what wasn’t. He needed the elaborate dream to lead him back to his children which signify his reality. With that being said, I believe the movie argued for idealism. Cobb’s reality was based on the mind. If the totem had not been his wife’s, and had not been found in a dream, I would have argued for realism. Because the material thing, or totem, would be what determines reality. The top was supposed to keep spinning in a dream, and wobble or drop in reality. However as stated before Cobb found the totem in a dream, and it wasn’t even his totem, therefore it holds no significance in determining reality. With my interpretation of the entire movie being a dream of Cobb’s, the movie would have to be based on empiricism. Cobb experiences things that I don’t believe were reality yet he takes them to be true. For example, if the movie was in fact all a dream of Cobb’s, then his wife’s suicide was just a projection of his imagination. Yet as he dreams deeper he believes it to be true. Cobb’s knowledge is based on experience because really there is no reason or rational to rely on when your dreaming within a dream within a dream within a dream, etc. Like Cobb said, once you make it down to limbo it is hard to sense what reality is. Cobb’s only grip on reality is his totem, which I explained before, was never really his in the first place. He has no reason. He only has experience to rely on. His experiences in his dreams become his reality. What reason do you have to cling to when the biggest determination of reality(the totem) isn’t real. In the end when Cobb see’s his children’s faces, the experience of being with them is all he needs to justify reality. Hence why he walks away from his totem. Cobb’s experiences within a dream are what formulate his reality. If it was reason that formulated his reality, he wouldn’t be in limbo anymore. He would have listened to his wife and figured out that he is still dreaming by now. He would have never accepted that totem as his own. I would like to argue both pragmatic and coherent theories for my take on Inception. However, I do believe the coherent theory fits a little better. The coherent theory states that something is true if it is consistent with other beliefs that are held to be true. The problem in this theory is that there is no definition or criteria of what a logical belief is. Cobb thinks his wife is stuck in limbo and that he is in reality. Basically any thought that he has that coheres with that main thought is true. Him believing he was hired to plant an idea in Fishers mind was in fact true to him. The capability of planting an idea in someone’s head was true to him. Why? Because his core belief was that he himself had planted an idea in his wife’s head before, causing her to lose touch with reality. All belief’s Cobb had were consistent with his main belief, that he was not longer in limbo. Cobb believed that the totem actually did tell him when he was or wasn’t dreaming. However as stated before the totem wasn’t his to begin with so how could that be true? How could it be true that when the totem wobbles or falls he is in fact in reality? He found the totem in limbo, so he doesn’t know what the true weight or feel of that totem is. Yet he believes in this totem because he needs to. His mind has created a scenario to help him retrieve what he craves, reality. The elaborate dream and all of his truth’s cohere in order to get him back to happiness. Although Cobb may not be in reality, his belief of being so is enough to satisfy him. Cobb’s mind created what he wanted to believe was reality. I guess if you have no grip on reality anymore, creating the closest thing to it would be your best shot at happiness.

Special insights about the nature of the organizational world revealed in Rivethead by Ben Hamper

Special insights about the nature of the organizational world revealed in Rivethead by Ben Hamper Rivethead by Ben Hamper broadly covers the author’s experience when he worked at General Motors (GM) cars and trucks in Flint Michigan for many years as a vehicle assembler. The book provides a historical background of the author and the author’s professional family lineage. Ben Hamper came from a succession of auto workers and their vocational engagement dates back to the mid nineteenth century.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Special insights about the nature of the organizational world revealed in â€Å"Rivethead by Ben Hamper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author was performing in a less than average way while in high school; meaning he was not a viable candidate for university or collage admission after high school. This left him with no option but to work for General Motors as a vehicle assembler since this was a popular job for most men that hailed from the author’s home area. The book records a booming period for organized labor which was however riddled with inconsistencies. Organizational insights revealed in Rivethead by Ben Hamper Special insights and subtle revelations of the nature of the organizational world are abounding in Rivethead by Ben Hamper (Fineman 23). The book reveals that the organization had a categorical arrangement which in most cases was not cohesive enough to effectively run a profitable yet contented and productive organization (Yates 3). A number of organizational successes are also subtly outlined in the book, but the author takes most of the time discussing the organizational dynamics of General Motors (Hamper 2). Reluctant organizational structures Ben Hamper helps the reader recognize the relaxed nature in which organizations monitor their workers (Yates 5). When hamper starts working for GM, he learns to quickly navigate the ranks and he is assigned to simple jobs (Meyer 2). Hamper realized that the work was so easy that he could do his job as well as his partner’s at the same time, leaving his partner free to do whatever he wanted. The author and his partner alternated their duties and thus encouraging truancy. The author spent his free time in a bar and this was also a routine that was common with his partner. Both of them would still receive their pay as well as any bonuses even though neither of them was applying their full input at work. Organizational neglect and mismanagement There was a high rate of drug and alcohol abuse during working hours which went unreported or was ignored by the management. Eventually the American automobile industry and in particular General Motors obtained an appalling reputation for substandard workmanship and poor management. There were several deaths and mutilations in the mid twentieth century that were caused by faulty cars and car parts which were obviously mishandled by the assembly plant workers (Meyer 4). The author helps the reader identify the organi zational mismanagement of the workers at all tiers of the work place (Hamper 4). The workers that were responsible for assembly were often drunk while at work leading to the assemblage of faulty vehicles (Fineman 20).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The workers that were supposed to inspect, classify and grade the assembled vehicles also did a shoddy job because they failed to identify any problems in the outgoing vehicles (Yates 10). Therefore, there was a total mishandling of the whole organization considering the main product of the organization-which in this case was vehicle that ended up being of poor quality than expected (Baddeley 31). Organizational Favoritism When the author joined General Motors, he quickly learnt how to goldbrick, how to pretend and malinger, as well as how to lie in order to be allocated to the purported pussy jobs (Yates 6). The a uthor definitely received favors from his supervisors as well as his superiors, because some of them assigned to him simple jobs while other workers were not given such privileges (Reynolds 75). The author gives several dramatic descriptions of life on the assembly line and the reader can identify cases where the author is favored over his companions to get simpler jobs in the plant (Hamper 7). Managerial incompetence The author does not find fault in the way managers handle their duties, rather he demonizes the rules that provided the guidelines for managerial conduct. In fact, Hamper portrays managers together with the workers as the victims of the organization (Fineman 19). Even if GM is supposed to be non emotional, the organization was emotionally charged mostly with fear and anxiety (Baddeley 36). Lay offs were a common practice thus the managers were not flexible enough to add their input rather they robotically follow the orders from their superiors (Reynolds 79). Conclusion The author of Rivethead identifies a number of problems in the workforce of organizations that were mainly responsible for the subsided quality of products. The author, Ben Hamper is especially radical in his criticism for General Motors, the plant where he worked as an automobile assembler. The period seems to be concurrent with the era when labor was being organized into a more diverse and powerful workforce. It is therefore easy to understand why there were such regular discrepancies in the workplace not only in the workers’ level but also the managerial and organizational level as well.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Special insights about the nature of the organizational world revealed in â€Å"Rivethead by Ben Hamper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Baddeley, Gavin. Goth Chic: A Connoisseurs Guide to Dark Culture. London: Plexus Publishing, 2002. Print. Fineman, Stephen. Emotions in organizatio ns. London: sage, 1993. Print. Hamper, Ben. Rivethead: Tales from the Assembly Line. Excerpts. Web. Meyer Steve. Workplace Predators. Labor and Working-Class History Association. July 2004. 24 Feb 2010 from: https://read.dukeupress.edu/labor/article-abstract/1/1/77/41461/Workplace-Predators-Sexuality-and-Harassment-on Reynolds, Simon. Rip It Up And Start Again: Post-punk 1978-1984. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 2006.Print. Yates, Michae. Rivethead: Tales from the Assembly Line. Book reviews. December 1992. Web.

6 Reasons to Read Before Class

6 Reasons to Read Before Class Everyones college and grad school experience is a little different, but the one thing all have in common is reading. You already know that college entails a lot of reading. Guess what? Grad school is way worse.  Expect your reading load to triple, at least, in graduate school. With such a huge set of reading assignments, you might be tempted to fall behind and not read before class. Here are six reasons why you should avoid temptation and read ahead of the class. Make the Most of the Class Time Class time is valuable. Be sure that you can follow along. When you read ahead of time, you are more likely to understand the organization of the lecture. Youll be better able to figure out whats important and what isnt (and thereby take effective notes). Understand the Topic and What You Don't Understand If everything that you hear in class is new, how will you determine what you understand and whether you have questions? If you have read beforehand you can focus your attention on filling gaps in your understanding by paying more attention during some parts of the lecture and by asking questions. Participate Most classes require at least some participation. Be ready to answer questions and to discuss the topic. Its easy to participate when you know the topic. Reading beforehand helps you to understand the material and gives you time to consider your perspective and opinions. Dont get caught unprepared. Professors opinions matter - do not get caught faking it. Show Off Reading before class lets you show that youve read, that you care, and that you are intelligent. Youll be able to ask good questions and participate in a way that demonstrates preparation, interest, and mastery of the material. These are all positive marks in profs views. Participate in Group Work Many classes require group work, often in class. If you have read, you are ready and likely will not mooch off of your classmates, or benefit from their hard work. In turn, if you have read you can tell when the group is taking a wrong turn. Contrary to some stereotypes, effective group work requires preparation. Show Respect Reading ahead of time shows respect for the instructor and interest in the class. While instructors feelings should not be the primary motivator of your behavior, relationships with faculty are important and this is one easy way to get your relationship with your professor off to a good start. Think ahead- faculty are often important resources for advice, recommendation letters, and opportunities. Many students find reading tiresome, a great deal of work. Try employing reading strategies such as the SQ3R method.

Case study and history of hypertension

Case study and history of hypertension History of Present Illness: Mr. AS is an 85 year old Caucasian male with a past history of hypertension and chest pain who currently presents to us with dementia and complaints of not knowing how he got here. Our patient was diagnosed with hypertension at the age of 40 and developed chest pain at the age of 45 when he was told he needed a pace maker. The pace maker was placed and he has had no heart complications since then. At the age of 55 our patient was diagnosed with dementia which he lived with independently at home until two years ago when he had a stroke. He was admitted to ALF on April 28, 2009 where he was told that he had a stroke and could not walk. Mr. AS has been staying at the facility since admission. Our patient currently denies any chest pain, headaches or vision changes. Mr. AS does complain of a cough that becomes productive at times with clear sputum. He stopped smoking 20 years ago and has a 160 pack year history. He also states that he thinks he hears himself wheezing at times. Mr. AS states that his legs don’t allow him to walk anymore and that the exercises that are done with the walker hurt his arms. He states that he has feeling in his legs but that movement is the problem. Mr. AS stated during the interview that he has accepted the fact that he will not be able to walk again and that he is content with his life as long as he can breathe and talk. Our patient also stated that he has problems remembering recent events and is better at remembering events that occurred during his childhood. Past Medical History: Hypertension at the age of 40 which is controlled with medication. Chest pain at the age of 45 which was fixed with the placement of a pacemaker. Dementia was diagnosed at the age of 55 Stroke at the age of 83 Appendectomy at the age of 10 due to an appendicitis Inguinal hernia repair at the age of 10 Current Medications Mirtazapine 15mg PO QD for depression Namenda 10mg PO Bid for treatment of alzheimer ’s symptoms Allopurinol 300mg PO QD for hyperuricemia Aspirin 81mg PO QD for general health and relief of minor pain Certavite antioxidant 18mg PO QD to prevent vitamin deficiency and undernutrion Loratadine 10mg PO QD for allergies Nifedipine 90mg PO QD for treatment of hypertension and angina Metoprolol tartrate 25mg PO QD for treatment of hypertension and angina Nasal decongestant 0.05% SP 2 sprays for each nostril Bid for allergies Omeprazole 20mg PO Bid for gastroesophageal reflux Aricept 10mg PO QD for dementia associated with alzheimer’s Tamsulosin HCl 0.4mg PO QD for benign prostatic hyperplasia Zolpidem Tartrate 5mg PO QD for help sleeping Acetaminopen 500mg PO every 6 hours for high temperature Allergies No known allergies Family History: Grandma had TB, patient could not remember cause or time of death and chart did not contain any information. Information about the mother and father could not be obtained by the patient or the c hart. Information about siblings could not be obtained by the patient or the chart. Patient states that he has one son who has back pain and is overweight. No other information could be provided by the patient or the chart. Patient states that he has no grandchildren Married twice and both deceased, cause unknown by patient and not stated in chart. Family members will need to be contacted to obtain more information on history of cancer, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or psychological illnesses. Social:

Film Analysis of Jean-Pierre Jeunet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film Analysis of Jean-Pierre Jeunet - Essay Example The comparative analysis of the two movies helps us to understand the technicalities used by Jean-Pierre Jeunet in establishing the themes for his movies. Thesis Statement: Jean –Pierre Jeunet uses the help of detailed storytelling and uses cinematic approaches for the establishment of the themes in his movies. The cinematic approach used by him differed in various outlooks according to the subject chosen by him. A Very Long Engagement: A Very Long Engagement by Jean-Pierre Jeunet is another master class created by him. The movie is based on French background and a superb piece of storytelling approach was followed by the director to set the story on pace. The director has taken the help of flash back to depict a part of his story and his class of mixing the two eras falls under a special genre (Hurley). Jeunet has been successful in depicting the memories of the French war by using stupendous location and the use of long shots through the muddy fields. The long shots is panne d at a fast pace with the help of Long cranes which signified the pace of the battle. The choice of exotic location throughout France helps to grasp the interest of the viewers. Locations like Paris, Brittany and Poitiers were used in the movie (A Very Long Engagement  (2004)). The battle scenes used in the movie are supposed to be inspired from the movie Saving Private Ryan. Though the movie is war based, yet Jeunet has been successful in depicting a well composed and a balanced portion of the story as a love epic. The screenplay used was optimally balanced and Jeunet used his master class to combine the two and deliver a master class. In the war scenes the use of sound has been critically and carefully used to give the viewers a raw feeling of the ongoing of a war. The sounds used in the sequence are of high quality. The director places the story in personal vision rather than trying to depict it as a historical epic. The use of color images from the start of the story helps the viewers to land into realism or better termed as cinematic impressionism. At the end viewers are left with multi hued memories. The camera angles used by Jeunet were also very much critical. Wide angled close ups of Tautou is used. The focal length and the height of the camera were carefully studied to get the best view of the shots of Tautou. The director uses a mix of cold colors in depicting the wartime trenches and the warm color to elaborate the peace time. The main tinge of color used in the film was that of the color brown while a patch of greenish brown was used in the war field. The color used is monochromatic and spots of other colors are used. In the scenes of the trench, the face portraying the soldiers is aimed to have a different image than the rest of the faces used in the movie. The aim was to provide a markup distinguish in the faces (Cinematic impressionism).The use of voice over has been carefully handled in the film and its dynamism in the tone of voice was crit ically appreciated. The audio mix used in the film is also stunning. The quality of sound is superb as the rain drops falling in the coats of the soldiers seemed almost real. The use of supplemental material in the film has also been solidly handled (Schager & Gonzalez). The tones used overall in the film are unrealistic and often ranges from golden to sepia to gray according to the varied situations and the plots used in the movi

Calture and landscape Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Calture and landscape - Research Paper Example The country can be hot and dry in one region and at the same time cold and freezing in another (Dwyer and Alderman, 2008). However, the only universal connection between these different regions is the indigenous people. They all posses a enthusiasm for life and make any guest swiftly feel relieved. The estancias, tango, and gauchos are the country’s most well known attractions and once there, guests find life’s tempo exciting. The natives only stop for siesta. They play hard, enjoy life to its fullest, and work harder. Most guests go straight for the country’s headquarters; Buenos Aires, which is a thriving modern and cosmopolitan city. It is full of character and well known for its exhilarating nightlife, fantastic food and excellent shopping prospects (Palang et al., 2003). Hotels come in a range of standard and price, those offering more facilities and better service being in the upper price bracket. In the capital, Buenos Aires, sumptuous hotels are spread al l over the city while not expensive hotels are mostly located in Avenida de Mayo. Anywhere you choose to hang about in Argentina, service is usually excellent, and nearly all quarters have air conditioning. Anywhere you tour in Argentina, you will not be short of activities to take part in and things to see. It is a great family vacation as well as being a preferred haunt with tourists (Mayda, 2013). The food is outstanding and the shopping is healthier. The nation of Argentina is separated by its weather patterns. The south and north of the country experiences a very different weather patterns throughout the year. The northern Argentina experiences a subtropical climate with rainfall throughout the year. The heat can frequently be high and the air is often humid. One will need to pack frivolous linens and clothes if you are on vacation in this area. The central region of Argentina typically experiences lovely weather with humid and hot interlude during summer, from December to Febr uary, and cool and wet weather patterns during winter, from July and August. December all through to February is busy in central region, as lots of Europeans arrive to seek out the winter sun (Rubenstein, 1999). Tierra del Fuedo, in the southern region has a sub arctic temperature all year round. It is perfect for winter spots and it is not so perfect for those looking to getaway to the sun. Heavy and warm clothes are a necessary for those travelling to the south. For residents of the northern part, Argentina gives a possibility for traveler to enjoy at least two summers in a year. However, the country’s great variety and the extended geography shows that visiting is pleasant at any season of the year. The climate of Argentina ranges from subtropical in the north to steamy and humid in the center while it is cold in the southern part. The upper Ades region experiences erratic rainfall with much flash flood during summer, scorching heat, and snow at higher elevations (Duncan e t al., 2007). The lowlands receive enough rainfalls that support the swampy forests and the upland savanna. Rainfall decreases as you move to the west while shallow summer floods are commonly experienced in the east. After quite along period of the summer, winter period is pronounced. This gives chance for a dry season and takes off the brutal summer heat. On the

Understanding the Annual Report and 10-K Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Understanding the Annual Report and 10-K - Essay Example There are three basic approaches for valuing inventory are; first in - First out, this approach involves basing the cost of goods sold upon the cost of material bought in earlier periods, while the cost of inventory is based on the cost of materials bought later in the year. The second approach is Last in - First out, it determines the Cost of goods based on the cost of materials bought towards the end of the period. However, the inventory is based on the cost of materials bought earlier in the year. Lastly, Weighted average, this bases the cost of goods and the inventory on average cost of all units bought during the period. This is the most used method of inventory by this company. Average inventory=($ 2,803,809 $ 2,751,398 $ 2,413,791)=ï ¼â€ž7968998. So the inventory turnover ratio will be =3.274. From the records it is clearly evident that there has been a gradual increase in the average inventory and the cost of goods simultaneously. Any business firm has two categories of liabilities, current and long-term liabilities. The current liabilities of the BBB Company include Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Merchandise credit and gift card liabilities, and Current income taxes payable. Long term liabilities of the company include deferred rent and Income taxes payable. Stockholders equity is one of the three major sections of a corporations balance sheet. Stockholders equity is the difference between the reported amounts of a corporations assets and liabilities. Stockholders equity is subdivided into components: paid-in capital or contributed capital, retained earnings, and treasury stock,-if any. The paid-in capital component reports the amounts the corporation received when it issued its common and preferred stock. Retained earnings reports the cumulative net income since the start of the corporation minus the dividends declared since the start of the corporation. Treasury stock (cost method) reports the amount paid by the

Prevention of falling for the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prevention of falling for the Elderly - Essay Example With age she has become prone to falls and along with this her impaired vision due to cataract further contributes to the risk factors. As my patient’s aunt is suffering from Osteoporosis which could be due to decreased physical activity, changes in hormone levels, deficiency of Vitamin D, a proper care in these areas can help in alleviating her conditions to a great extent. To take care of deficiency of the essential nutrients the following points need to be taken care of – The lowered physical activity in the elderly can lead to reduced strength, muscle problems and loss of flexibility and bone mass. This increases the risk of falls and to prevent it the following points need consideration- She can be engaged in regular exercises as this will increase the strength of her bones and muscles and will also work towards improving her flexibility and balance. As an alternative she can also go on regular walks. It is common for the elderly to suffer from vision diseases such as Glaucoma and Cataracts that can affect their peripheral vision, depth perception make it difficult for them to see in the bright lights. All this can impact their ability to judge the environment and the following preventive tips can assist them greatly- The screening of fall risks is an efficient method of identifying people with a great risk of falling. There are a number of fall-risk screening tools with an accuracy of high to intermediate. The St Thomas’ risk assessment tool in falling elderly inpatients (STRATIFY) gives an accuracy of intermediate to high in the classification of fall risk. It is recommended in the case of nursing homes. A stratify risk screen helps in calculating the risk scores. A score of 0 to 3 is assigned for ‘Transfer’ and also for ‘mobility’. A score of 3 is implies independence in the patient. The score is calculated from the state of the

Profane and anodyne language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Profane and anodyne language - Essay Example In other words, even to swear a person has to follow at least some of the rules for example subject predicate agreement. While indeed, some forms of swearing allow a greater freedom on grammar such as rejection of changes that occur when a verb is used in third person singular, but it is obvious that a sentence that contains profanity must be grammatically correct. The next obvious similarity between profane and anodyne language focuses on the use of historical grammar. Thus, the rules which were invented at a certain time are applied to all areas of the language, regardless of whether it is commonly used one or not. In addition to that, as grammatical rules change they are simultaneously projected onto profanity as well. In other words, these two areas of language do not develop separately. Finally, just like many aspect of grammar of anodyne language is conditioned by traditions, for example the forms of politeness, certain elements of profane language are conditioned by traditions as well. In other words, a particular nation in the course of its development did not only pay attention to one area of the language, but also was developing, maybe even unconsciously, a different area of it which is not commonly acceptable. Therefore, the peculiarities of grammatical usage of profanity are influenced by the same external cultural forces that influenced anodyne language. However, it must be noted that there are significant differences that can be identified between the above mentioned areas of language.

Computer Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Computer Security - Assignment Example After the user gets the TGT, he or she decrypts the TGT using the KINIT (Kizza 214). The user’s computer usually stores its key automatically but does not transmit it over the wire. The cache stores the TGT received from the KDC by the user for use during the session duration. However, the TGT has expiry duration set on it by the KDC after which the user cannot use it. With the help of TGT, the user can request KDC for a ticket to communicate with certain services within that network (Kizza 214). Kerberos are best applicable in management of highly confidential information within companies and institutions, where only one user can access information using a single entry key. With this authentication protocol, there is relatively reduced password piracy and database stealing. The authentication protocol enables easy implementation on embedded devices due to its one-way channel of authentication. Furthermore, there is mutual authentication of both the client and the server bringing about simplicity in inter-domain trust management (Dong and Chen 193). Storage of the infrastructure login credentials in one central server renders the system vulnerable to data loss and contamination if an attacker found access to the location. Poor password creation of a user can make an attacker guess and find the password details right (Dong and Chen 193). Although Kerberos serves to block unencrypted users from using the internet services, if accessed by malicious users, the whole system may be at risk. Nagamalai, Dhinaharan., Eric, Renault and Murugan, Dhanuskodi. Trends in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology: First International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Ccseit 2011, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, September 23-25, 2011, Proceedings. Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

Profane and anodyne language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Profane and anodyne language - Essay Example In other words, even to swear a person has to follow at least some of the rules for example subject predicate agreement. While indeed, some forms of swearing allow a greater freedom on grammar such as rejection of changes that occur when a verb is used in third person singular, but it is obvious that a sentence that contains profanity must be grammatically correct. The next obvious similarity between profane and anodyne language focuses on the use of historical grammar. Thus, the rules which were invented at a certain time are applied to all areas of the language, regardless of whether it is commonly used one or not. In addition to that, as grammatical rules change they are simultaneously projected onto profanity as well. In other words, these two areas of language do not develop separately. Finally, just like many aspect of grammar of anodyne language is conditioned by traditions, for example the forms of politeness, certain elements of profane language are conditioned by traditions as well. In other words, a particular nation in the course of its development did not only pay attention to one area of the language, but also was developing, maybe even unconsciously, a different area of it which is not commonly acceptable. Therefore, the peculiarities of grammatical usage of profanity are influenced by the same external cultural forces that influenced anodyne language. However, it must be noted that there are significant differences that can be identified between the above mentioned areas of language.

Short story Essay Example for Free

Short story Essay This short story was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1891, in the Victorian period. The two main characters of this story are Sherlock Holmes, a private detective who can solve any case however difficult it is and Dr. Watson, a medical surgeon who served in the 5th regiment of Northumberland Fusiliers and moved to the Second Anglo-Afghan War where he was wounded and after that, sent back to London, now helps Sherlock Holmes to solve their cases. These characters are very different; they have nothing in common, for example: while Sherlock is a great observer, Dr. Watson is terrible at this. 1. Main body of essay. 2.1 Sherlock Holmes. 2. 1. 1 Physical appearance. Sherlock is thin, tall, has a thin nose, deep eyes and long nervous hands 2. 1. 2 Psychological Character and behavior: Sherlock is observant, cold minded , precise, and has a balanced mind, he is also a great observer. 2. 2 Dr. Watson. 2. 2. 1 Physical appearance 2. 2. 2 Psychological Character and behavior Dr. Watson is all the opposite of Sherlock, he is an ordinary man, who lacking in Holmess insight but also he profoundly admires Holmes. The relationship between Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. This short story was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1891, in the Victorian period. The two main characters of this story are Sherlock Holmes, a private detective who can solve any case however difficult it is and Dr. Watson, a medical surgeon who served in the 5th regiment of Northumberland Fusiliers and moved to the Second Anglo-Afghan War where he was wounded and after that, sent back to London, now helps Sherlock Holmes to solve their cases. These characters are very different; they have nothing in common, for example: while Sherlock is a great observer, Dr. Watson is terrible at this. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson have been seen as the ultimate partners for as long as they have been in print. Watson ends up marrying Mary and establishing a firm medical practice. After this, he stays away from Holmes for a long time. One day he decided to go to his old house in Baker Street, then he saw Sherlock through the window and rang the bell, it was the first time that they met since the marriage. The moment was like they never been apart, Sherlock acted normally and impress Watson once again with his deductions. After a few minutes Watson decided to go but something strange happened, Sherlock said with a different words that he needs Watson; this are the words: Not a bit, Doctor. Stay where you are. I am lost without my Boswell. And this promises to be interesting. It would be a pity to miss it. Dr. Samuel Johnson was a famous English essayist and scholar, and James Boswell was his admirer and companion, just as Dr. Watson was Holmess admiring companion. Furthermore, Boswell kept a diary and wrote all about Dr. Johnson, just as Watson wrote about Holmess adventures. They need each other. Their relationship is far deeper than anything that meets the eye; they mean more to each other than just a business partner or friend. Some have seen their relationship as anything from that of best friends No matter what Watson and Holmes mean to each other, both men seem to follow certain trends throughout the story: Watson will always be inferior to Holmes. He is not a good observer, according to Sherlock, Watson sees but does not observe. Through conversation and description of each other, both men continue to follow this trend. Even though sometimes Watson strays to make a comment or two about Holmes and his laziness or what not, he always comes back to praise him again. He profoundly admires Holmes.

Disaster Management Planning For Earthquake

Disaster Management Planning For Earthquake The risk for disaster occurs when the social, physical, environmental and economic vulnerabilities are hit by hazards. The biggest volumes of disasters are mainly a result of events originating hydrometeorogically. Even in the face of gradual understanding of the significance of reduction of disasters and disaster response capabilities, disasters continue to be a global problem especially the one of disaster management techniques. It is now globally accepted that plans should be put in place to reduce the risk of a disaster. The plans should be conceptualised and brought into action in spheres such as policies, programmes for poverty reduction and should be assisted by international and regional cooperation. Poverty reduction, proper governing and sustainable development are mutually cooperative plans along with disaster management. Efforts have to be made at a rapid pace to put in place the required plans to counter any threats posed at the regional and international level by disast ers. Introduction The occurrence of such disasters has continued to increase in a rapid succession. More than three million lives were lost due to disasters in the last quarter of a century itself. This number does not stop as billions have been affected in some way or the other. The cost of rehabilitation from these disasters has run into thousands of billions alone. The increase in the population of the world only enhances the chance of disaster risk which could cause massive casualties and harm to the human life in large numbers. The six billion mark in world population was reached on the 16th of November in 1999. The annual growth rate was estimated at nearly 1.33 %( seventy eight million every year). There is a greater risk on account of the industrialization and vast urbanization since a lot of people are moving to urban areas which do not have sufficient health care and infrastructure in place. Energy is released after accumulation in the volcanic activity or geological faults which cause seismic waves to bring about movement of the crust which is known as an earthquake. Humans are able to only detect three thousand earthquakes from the total of five hundred thousand earthquakes that occur every year. 7 to 11 out of these 3000 earthquakes cause significant damage to property and human life though this figure has increased the past few years. The toll of death due to an earthquake can range from as less as five to higher than two hundred and forty thousand. One out of two cities in a developed country is susceptible to a natural hazard like earthquake. Seventeen of the twenty largest cities are situated in countries with low resources. Eighty percent of the population of the world will reside in developing countries by the year 2025 according to an estimate. The research on natural disasters is of a lot of significance in case of developing countries. What is a Disaster? Many definitions have been put forward regarding disaster. Samuel Henry Prince started the study related to disasters in 1971 in Canada during the worst disaster witnessed in Canada. The disaster in point is the ship explosion occurred in 1917 in the harbour of Halifax, Nova Scotia. His research and social exploration of the implications of the disaster paved way for further theoretical and empirical research that lasted through the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. This saw a change in the way disasters were perceived. The focus shifted from the primary physical agent to the description and definition of disasters related to the social impact caused by it. Various academic disciplines were dedicated to the study of nature and disasters during the 1960s and 1970s. The definition of a disaster can be classified between the national and international level. The working definition of a disaster is designed in way to suit the professional background of the place where it is defined and is closely associated to the studies, work and research that is carried out. The World Health Organization has defined disaster on the base of the resultant health implications post the disaster. They have made use of the terminology called as Health Action in Crises. The International Red Cross has taken into account the factors that cause interference in human life. IN simple words, floods, earthquakes and hurricanes only acquire the status of a disaster when they leave behind a negative and disruptive impact on the living force. Al-Madhari et al in 1997 studied if a universal definition for the term disaster is possible and came up with a definition that takes into account both the factors of economic and health implications. The definition was as follows- an event localized in time and space with one or more of the following consequences occur: 1) Ten or more fatalities, 2) Damage exceeds $1 million, 3) 50 or more people evacuated. This is the basic essence that is found in most definitions of disaster which may carry different views. All the definitions accept disaster as a situation that is beyond the cope of control of the local community which warrants the need of external help. The disasters maybe a result of naturally occurring phenomena like extreme changes in climate or weather, technological and man made threats. Psychological stages of disaster Heroic stage The heroic stage is shown by the community and the individuals within that direct the various levels of energy in the tasks of help, rescue, shelter, clean up and repair. This behaviour is carried out in the span of a few hours to even days if required. Honeymoon stage The optimism characterized by the people in the community is the showcase of this stage in spite of the losses that occur due to the disaster. There is a wide media attention and, flow of resources inwards, and reassurances by personal visits by high profile personalities that look towards the rehabilitation process of the community. They provide the hope and belief that life will return to normalcy and no traces of the disaster will be seen. These resources though tend to exhaust by the third week of the aftermath of the crisis, there is reduced media attention and the real problems in the rehabilitation program start to develop. The energy shown by the survivors in the community gradually starts to fade away and gives way to the next stage of disillusionment. Disillusionment The hard experiences, the lack of necessities and the work needed to be done to restore normalcy creeps up on the person which leads to disillusionment among the survivors. Survivors find that the various types of financial help being offered are in the form of loans instead of grant, home insurance was not the best available option and that politics played a bigger role in the decision making. Signs of disgruntlement is how by means of complaints related to abandonment, betrayal and injustice, incompetency and bureaucracy. Stress is a negative aspect that troubles the survivors which slowly disintegrates any hope that may be left. Recovery All the work for which the base has been setup starts to show results. The applications are passed, loans are approved, and reconstruction is started. The individuals start to work at their normal capacities. People start regaining the state of normalcy with a period of six months after the disaster. Some individuals might take up to thirty six months. There is an overall sense of appreciation to aspects like life, relationship and morale towards tackling problems all owed to the lessons learnt post the disaster. Stages of Disaster Response Preparation stage The main objective of this stage is to improve the healthcare system and the general system that can be improved to the extent that future disasters can be tackled with ease and efficiency. Quick Reponses Stage The main objective of this stage is to make sure that there is a prober health response in case of a disaster strike that may create some needs. Counselling is provided during this stage which is present in the current health system. There should be help sought from external sources to boost the resources that are available in case they are not sufficient to fulfil all the necessary needs. In many cases the local supplies may not be enough to meet the requirement of the community which is why the stock has to be filled with the help of some additional commodities obtained from other external sources. Recovery Stage This stage has to be worked upon continuously and lasts more than a month after the disaster takes place. This stage could go on for years depending on the resources that are available for rehabilitation and the impact and type of the disaster. The needs of the survivors are taken care of by the local providers in this stage. Federal funds may flow in case the disaster is declared as a Presidential Declared Disaster. The funding is given to those in need of individual help. Disaster Management Definition of disaster management A lot of definitions have been put forward by authors on the topic of disaster management. A lot of these definitions merely explain the meaning of the term rather than completely stating the terms of preparation for a disaster. Christopolis, Mitchell and Liljelund regarded efficient and effective abilities and result of disaster response as the main themes of preparation for a disaster (2001). Creating a local response system and providing early warnings is also a big part of preparation (Integrated Regional information Networks, 2005). The definitions by United Nations Development program, McEntire and Twigg have definitions similar in theme with their own take on the preparation for a disaster. The program by United Nations holds hazard easing as the central source for disaster preparation along with the inclusion of planning in the description (2004). Similarly, McEntire and Twigg also consider hazard easing as a crucial aspect in disaster preparation saying that it should be a p art of it (McEntire, 2003 and Twigg, 2002). McEntire talks about different factors relevant for disaster preparation as a local government function that includes vulnerability and hazard evaluation. The lesser highlighted aspects of disaster preparation are also very important. Izadkhak and Hosseni point out education to be the foremost media in the preparation of a community for disasters (2005). The emergency plans, storage of food, securing furniture to walls and creating inventories of storage commodities are a part of this level (Paton, Smith, Johnston, 2003 and Siembieda, 2001). Review of preparation literature The disaster preparedness aspect is basically dynamic in nature which keeps changing constantly. The researches find out new facts with the occurring of new disaster even with respect to the community. The disasters and crisis are consistent but the practises applied in its management still lack the capacity to provide necessary results. McEntire has worked towards some crucial points in disaster preparedness and emergency management in his study. McEntire, Fuller and Johnston and Weber (2002) published an article reviewing the emergency management and the methods related to it. The main concern in the 2002 research was vulnerability while McEntire also finished his research related to disaster preparedness. Dynes also provide his view on emergency planning. His views were based on research instead of military models. The problem solving methods of Dynes emphasizes cooperation and coordination as the key aspects. (1994). This concept has been used in developing many other models as opposed to the earlier practice of using military models and instead switching to a research based and discipline specific model. The best methods of disaster preparedness incline towards discipline specific objectives as in the case of emergency management. A valuable amount of work has been spent for the identification and evaluation of the concepts and principles that are used in disaster preparedness. Some contributions have been made to development of disaster preparedness with the aim of creating a theory based practise and practise based theory (Gillespie and Streeter, 1987). The contributions from most individuals are not aimed at the creation of a complete disaster preparedness technique but individual research has helped immensely in making contributions towards building a complete disaster preparedness plan. A case in point is the research by Kirschenbaum (2002) article based on disaster preparedness from the point of view of Israel. The inferences drawn from his study were found to be applicable in a general environment. Perry and Lindell (2003) based their study on disaster management on the principles of perspective and planning and were able to identify 10 guidelines that should be used in the process of planning. Lindell was more focused on the planning while Kirschenbaum gave more importance to localized applications and principles. Each on his own was able to contribute an important aspect that led to the creation of a comprehensive disaster preparedness plan although none of the studies focused on all the aspects on the whole. Components of disaster management Earthquake Risk The risk of earthquake is a seismic risk to the environment and its habitats. The earthquake risk is inversely proportional to the capacity of resisting it. Research based on social learning by May (1994) shows that the more knowledge that is available, the less is the worry and lesser in the rationale for prevention. Knowledge and the use of the knowledge in the best way are required to improve the safety measures today. There is a process known as Earthquake Risk Management that works towards the prevention of threat or danger from an earthquake, reducing risk or consequences of an earthquake. It also deals on topics like preparation for dealing with a disaster, responding to a threat due to natural disaster, capacity building and knowing the effects of the natural disasters. There are the basic points of evacuation, rescuing, relief, rehabilitate and reconstruct that are covered. The population in India was marked at over a billion in 2001 and is estimated to be doubled by the yea r 2050. This calculates to a population growth of 1.61% per annum. The risk of earthquake increases by leaps and bounds in such a scenario. The urban areas are been populated to the extent of being overcrowded and figure in the highest density in the world of 237 people per square kilometre. This only worsens the situation. People in thickly dense areas have no alternative but to live in conditions like low lying areas situated closely near the rivers. This makes it mandatory to keep a full time alert and be ready with a disaster preparedness plan. Gillespie and Banerjee (1993, pp.242) have proposed there is a 5 stage plan which spirals upward with more refined levels including avenues, assessment, knowledge, preparedness and practise. The central point in these levels is considered to be knowledge. As pointed by Srivastava et al (2007), the reduction in disaster risks can be brought about by the proper use of information. Disaster management planning for earthquake In the past few decades, a high level of importance has been attached to the effective and efficient management of information and its use as a key component of disaster management in the regions of Asia especially Pacific Asia. Disaster management information systems have been setup by a number of countries according to their own calculations and needs. The applications include early warnings, reduction of disaster risks and emergency planning. The information plays an important part in disaster management and it should be used wisely. The needs of the information related to disaster management can be classified in two activity categories Pre disaster activities like research and analysis, prevention, risk assessment and preparedness. Post disaster activities like rehabilitation, response and reconstruction. The data related to disaster can also be classified into two categories- Pre disaster data consisting of the risks and the country Post disaster data showing the impact of the disaster and the resources available to counter the effects. National Disaster Management Information System The main aspects of a disaster management information system is a database containing the following- Mapping of hazard assessment Vulnerability Assessment Distribution by Demography Lifelines, Infrastructure and Critical Facilities Transportation Routes and Logistics Material and Human Response Resource Communication Facility The use of Disaster Management Information System is based on three aspects- Preparedness planning Response and mitigation Recovery Earthquake activities Preparation and Planning Identifying areas prone to earthquake Identifying problems Identifying and using Resources Control and command Advance Preparatory Action Post earthquake activities The relief activities needed to be performed by the government are- Maintaining uninterrupted communication Endorsing disaster preparedness and relief measures through media like newspaper and AIR. Evacuating and movement of commodities of essence such as petroleum should be facilitated in transport. Making sure that essential commodities are available at a reasonable rate. Providing adequate supply of drugs, vaccine and medicine. Restoration and preservation of physical communication links. Providing infrastructure such as latrines, shelter, electricity, road etc. On a temporary basis by making the necessary investment. Mobilising financial resources. In addition to these aspects, there are certain secondary functions that are needed by the relief efforts of the State such as Military aid should provide relief, restoration and rehabilitation services to the civil authority. Backup plans for cattle preservation, crops and health measures should be put in place. Technological and technical inputs for providing drinking water. Providing technical assistance for water management, water budgeting and several other uses. Coordinating activities of the voluntary and state agencies. Knowledge Management The knowledge related activities are dealt taken care of by the knowledge management procedure (Wiig, 1997: Civi, 2000). These activities include organizations and creation of knowledge along with share and use of the knowledge. Knowledge management can be more appropriately defined as the strategies and processes of identifying, capturing and leveraging knowledge. This definition was provided by the American Productivity and Quality Centre. Knowledge management is a field on the rise which has been able to collect considerable attention especially from the industrial community. A large number of industrial organizations have taken to knowledge management programs which serve as proof of its widespread use. These programs are helpful in making the industries more competent and improving their organizational performance. It is only a matter of time when all the companies will adopt such a program and the only factor to be accounted for is the way in which it has to be implemented to m ake optimum use of knowledge management and managing it properly at the same time. Implementation of Knowledge Management The Knowledge Management concept has caught a lot of attention due to its importance but there are only a few industries that have been able to make optimum use of the knowledge management techniques by managing the knowledge in their respective organizations. Stoney and Barnett (2000) suggest that a major number of Knowledge Management steps are bound to fail. This is due to the fact that the implementation of Knowledge Management is not an easy task that can be carried out by an organization. Technological infrastructure needs to be in place for the implementation of Knowledge Management along with change in the culture of the organization and managing knowledge of different types. Organizations that have made use of the Knowledge Management without making certain of the necessary resources at their disposal have mainly failed due to improper infrastructure and implementation. Implementation of the Knowledge Management is a tough task for any organization as pointed out by Drucker (1993) who is known as the father of modern management theory. He stressed on the fact the biggest challenge faced by an organization is the building of a systematic framework for the management of knowledge. Hence, it is imperative to build a perfect prototype or framework which helps the organizations before the implementation of Knowledge Management. Framework definition According o the Oxford English Dictionary, (2003), the framework is defined as a structure composing of parts that are framed together especially designed for enclosing or supporting anything like a skeleton or a frame. Popper (1994) has defined framework as a set of assumptions or fundamental principles of intellectual origin that form the basis for action. In accordance with these definitions, framework can be said to be a framework or a structure formed using a set of specific instructions or principles that is required to provide a base for carrying out necessary activities and actions. Knowledge Management Frameworks According to Rubenstein-Montano et al. (2001b), Knowledge Management frameworks are categorized as a mode of providing guidance in a specific discipline. This means that it shows the way towards the building of Knowledge Management in a specific discipline completely. Dale (1999) defines framework as a tool used for the development and laying out of plans, a guide that helps an organization to carry out a certain action that works best for their business needs at their own pace. The framework most importantly acts as a link between the practical and theoretical aspects of the Knowledge Management and eases its implementation during an emergency or disaster. Various Knowledge Management frameworks The frameworks that have been described in theory are made to focus on different parts of Knowledge management and achieving its various purposes. The most popularly known framework is the framework for knowledge creation created by Nonaka (1991, 1994) that explains the evolution and conversion seen between tacit knowledge (not easy to articulate) and explicit knowledge (can be easily put into words). This is not the perfect form of a framework since it is only concerned with the creation of knowledge which is nothing more than a part of the Knowledge Management. Another type of framework that is described in theory is the one that provides information on cyclic processes of the Knowledge Management. From the studies of Rubenstein-Montano et al. (2001a), it is evident that many of these frameworks only provide activities that stress on the knowledge cycle activities. They lay importance on phases of knowledge without providing supervision in the implementation of Knowledge Management. The examples of such frameworks are plenty including the framework by Bose and Sugumaran (2003) and many of the frameworks that were studied by Rubenstein-Montano et al. (2001a). A third type of framework is the one developed by researchers that is used to explain the performance of Knowledge Management in an organization. The framework provides reference to shoe the analysis, structure and evaluation of the Knowledge Management in various organizations belonging to different fields. They were developed by Apostolou and Mentzas (1998). Framework requirements The framework helps in understanding, improving awareness and gives the conceptual definition of the Knowledge management that informs the people about the processes involved in it. Al the components can be understood with the help of a framework and puts the Knowledge Management in perspective by providing the people with a clear and concise vision which helps in its implementation. Managers find framework as a beneficial and important tool since it helps to decide whether all the aspects related to the Knowledge management have been covered that may be easily overlooked without the framework. It also helps in enabling the implementation process and helps coordinate the efforts put in by the organization in a controlled and systematic way. System Approach Framework Holsapple and Joshi (2002) laid out a three layer framework which consists of three major building blocks known as knowledge resources, activities and influences. The resources pat highlighted the pool of the knowledge of the organization that can be classified into six main forms of resources namely participants knowledge, infrastructure, culture, knowledge artefact, strategy and purpose. The activities block represents the processes to be used by the organization for manipulating the knowledge resources. Holsapple and Joshi (2002) were able to identify 4 activities related to this aspect namely acquiring, selecting, internalizing and using the knowledge which means the generation and externalization of knowledge. The manners in which these activities are performed tend to be influence by a number of factors that can be seen in the next block called as knowledge influences. The implementation is greatly influenced by this block and is classified into three categories namely resource (human, financial, material and knowledge), managerial (coordination, leadership and measurement) and environmental (customers, competitors, suppliers, markets and other conditions). The three aspects when viewed collectively act as the main components in the operation of Knowledge Management. A framework was created with the idea of four stages namely review, concept, reflect and act by Wiig et al. (1997) in order to explain a number of Knowledge Management techniques and methods. Review is the first step and relates to evaluating and monitoring the performance of the organization to find out whether the desired results have been obtained. Conceptualize has two parts namely analysis of knowledge and inventory knowledge. The former is used to identify and assess the problems, weakness, strengths threats and opportunities related to knowledge. The latter is used to find out the state of knowledge in the organization by finding out the knowledge assets. TH reflect part is used for the following- Create teams for assessing. Find out the Knowledge management requirements. Collect knowledge by identifying. Design structure to knowledge in warehouse. Maintain technology. Test the technology again. Train the knowledge workers. Show the use of Knowledge management practises. Track the usage. Get the system to start. Measure the productivity and quality, measure Knowledge Management practices. Conduct assessment review of the processes. Hygoyo Protocol Framework of Hyogo The priorities, mission and vision of the National Framework were created in synchronisation with the Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA) 1005-2015 that was agreed upon by all the nations in January 2005 in the city of Kobe, Japan during the UN-World conference held for Disaster Reduction. The expected result of the HFA after ten years is significant reduction in the lives and economic, social and environmental assets of the countries and communities. The following objectives have been adopted by HFA to attain the desired results- Better integration of disaster risk considerations and accordingly makes development policies. Planning at all the levels with focus on disaster prevention, preparedness, reduction and vulnerability reduction. The strengthening and development of institutes, capacities and mechanisms at all the levels especially at the community level that can help in building resistance to hazards. Incorporation risk mitigation approaches in the implementation of recovery programs, response and emergency preparedness that is used in rehabilitation of the affected communities. Scope This particular framework relates to provision of guidelines and direction to the national, local and provincial institutions. Aspects such as capacity building and vulnerability reduction are the crucial factors that help the communities and institutions to counter disaster risks. The strategies, policy implementation are taken care by this phase and programs for the parts of disaster are provided for. There are certain challenges that are recognized in the five major areas as follows- Governance- legal, organizational and policy frameworks. Risk identification. Monitoring, assessment and early warnings. Knowledge education and management. Reduction of risk factors. Preparedness to improve response and recovery. The Yokohama strategy concludes in its review the discussions in the World Conference on Disaster Reduction and the desired result that was decided can be described into five priorities of action as follows- Make sure disaster risk is a local and national priority with a very strong institutional base for execution. Identify, monitor and assess the disaster risks and identify early warnings. Use innovation, knowledge to build a safety culture which is strong at all the levels. Reduce the risk factors Make the disaster preparedness strong for better response. Case study of earthquake in Pakistan with respect to Knowledge Management The earthquake in Kashmir in 2005 was a massive earthquake with its epicentre in Pakistan controlled Kashmir close to the city of Muzaffarabad that affected the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilbit Baltistan province of Pakistan. It took place at 8:52:37 PST on the 8th of October. It was similar in size to the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and 2001 earthquake in Gujarat with magnitude of 7.6. Tremors of this earthquake were felt in surrounding nations like western China and Tajikistan. Four people died in Afghanistan while close to fourteen hundred people died in India controlled Kashmir according to reports. The damage caused was blamed on poor construction and major up thrust. Infrastructure Network usage- the network usage was high throughout the phases of recovery. Data and voice communication was very good in Islamabad. The landline network was brought on track within a coupe of days in town hit by the earthquake and the cell network was extended post the earthquake. The areas that were hit the worst had no assistance and relief and were left with no communication. Some parts were wiped out entirely. The skills to manage the technology were available in Pakistan but the management was not properly planned. Network Availability- At first the network was very low during recovery and later was raised to a medium level. The inconsistency of connection was the main factor rather than low bandwidth. The connection would break consistently which proved to be disruptive. The limitations were known fully in the remote areas but the staff did not pay heed to the cell coverage problem. Cell phones are not adequate in such circumstances. Inter

Animal Farm : Comparison Between Movie and Book :: compare contrast

Like all books, Animal Farm the book, is different from Animal Farm the movie. One of the reasons is the characters. Some of the characters that were in the book were not in the movie. Those were characters like Mr. Whymper, Clover, and Mollie. In the movie, Jessie, the dog that was only mentioned in the first chapter, replaced Clover. Jessie narrated the story, was the main character, and was in the story the entire time. Some of the events that were in the book were not shown or did not happen in the movie. These were events like the bank note forgeries and some of the things that Squealer said to them like how he convinced them to let the pigs use the apples and milk in their mash. They did not even mention this event in the story. Other things that they did not even mention in the movie were the Sunday meetings and something they didn’t mention in the book was Napoleon’s addiction to whiskey. One of the main events in the book that was not shown in the movie was the battle where Boxer split his hoof. The only two battles that happened were the Rebellion and the Battle of Cowshed. One event that happened in the movie that did not happen in the book was when Squealer took Mr. Jones’s camera equipment and used it to speak to the animals. Another different thing about the story was when the events took place. They showed the pigs walking on their hind legs after they showed when Jessie couldn’t tell the difference between the humans and the pigs. One of the last things that were different about the movie was the ending. It didn’t end with Jessie not being able to tell the difference between the humans and the pigs. After that, Jessie took Benjamin and a few other animals with her to escape. They came back a few years later after Napoleon died. The farm’s new owners were coming and Jessie and

The Pros and Cons of Agribusines Essay -- Agribusines

I. Introduction Agriculture has long been a topic of interest and will continue due to the necessity of farming to supply a basic fundamental need – food. Farming is considered a stable economic activity as it provides products, jobs, and supplies to the local community as well as supporting the global infrastructure. The recent global economic conditions have caused an array of structural changes within the global infrastructure. These structure changes have directly impacted banking institutions, housing, lending processes, farming sectors, and privatization. The declining housing market, corrupt banking/financial institutions, and decline in stable investments have increased the need to find economically viable ways to invest. Investors look at markets for sustainability and lucrative return on investments (ROI) while attempting to minimize risks. Naturally – food and water have become commodities but investors are still interested in returns and farming losses are often offset by federal subsidies and crop insurance (Lynch & Bjerga, 2013). Corporate investment, government regulations, and privatization become issues while trying to improve ROI. The recent water wars are evidence of control issues and an attempt to purchase natural resources. Investors are now looking at ways to promote diversity and sustainability to their clients while countries are grappling to ensure food security. Farmland investments involving large-scale acquisitions are lucrative for investors. Large-scale acquisitions of farmland in Africa, Latin America, Central Asia and Southeast Asia are now being sought by international investors and have garnered global attention (Cotula, Vermeulen, Leonard, & Keely, 2009). Farming, agriculture,... ...ences (continued) Laxman, L. & Abdul, A. H. (2011). GMOs, safety concerns and international trade: developing countries’ perspective. Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, 10 (3), 281-307. doi: 10.1108/1477002111116553L Lynch, D. J. & Bjerga, A. (2013, September 9). Taxpayers turn U.S. farmers into fat cats with subsidies. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-09/farmers-boost- revenue-sowing-subsidies-for-crop-insurance.html Lynch, D. J. (2013, September 11). Fraud stealing $100 million shows flaws in U.S. crop insurance. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-11/fraud-stealing-100- million-shows-flaws-in-u-s-crop-insurance.html Sherrick, B. J., Mallory, M. L. & Hopper, T. (2013). What’s the ticker symbol for farmland? Agricultural Finance Review, 73(1), 6-31. doi: 10.1108/00021461311321285

Mcdonald

System wide sales. They operate over 30,000 restaurants, around 420,000 workers In more than 100 countries on six continents. McDonald's sells various com/%EF%BB%BFhome-cooked-meals-vs-fast-food/">fast food Items and soft drinks including, burgers, chicken, salads, fries. Breakfast meals and ice cream and etc. Objectives: 1. To be able to serve well to customers by providing best quality of food and service. 2. To increase the business capacity to produce more foods or provide better or greater service, 3. To become better public Images of fast food. 4. To become greater brand name and Image that will Increase more franchises. 5.To be a social responsible company and provide good returns to shareholders. Vision and Mission Statement: Vision Statement To be the world's best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. Mission Statement To â€Å"be our customers' favorite place and way to eat. † Our worldwide operations have been aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to Win centering on the five basics of an exceptional customer experience – People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion.We are committed to Improving our operations and enhancing our customers' experience. External Audit: Opportunities I Threats I 1. Growth of the fast food industry. 2. Expansion in other countries, especially in Latin America, China, and other Asian countries. 3. Increasing trend on healthy food/ products (Especially Low calorie products) approved by FDA. 4. Low price food that will attract to the customers. 5. Freebies and Discounts. 6. Conversion of other quick-service restaurants into franchises. 7. More playgrounds for the children in more restaurants. (should be enough space for that).