Herr Samsa Is Content Essay Example for Free

Herr Samsa Is Content Essay In Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, Gregor Samsa, the main character turns into an insect. Although many would argue that this transformation is literal, I would argue that Kafka uses it as a metaphor or some other form of symbol. If my theory is right, this metaphor is used as a means of portraying the dehumanisation and hence insanity of Gregor Samsa caused by the intense stress and demands of his daily job that he worries about so much. I also believe that Kafka uses the particular case of Gregor to represent a whole generation of workers that all fear the same fate. Herr Samsa, Gregors father, in particular fears this and having seen what he fears most in his son, he becomes violent and aggressive towards him; eventually delivering him a slow, gradual death. To support this argument, we find out that, even before the actual transformation, Gregor behaves strangely with regards to his work; studying train timetables for example. It is for this reason that I have decided to carry on with this idea. With Gregor dying at the end of the novella, I decided to use this metaphor of dehumanisation again and apply it to another one of the workers of the same generation as Gregors his sisters boyfriend that she has found since the Samsa family left their home to start a new life. In order for my adaptation of Kafkas extended metaphor to be successful, I have had to adopt his style of writing, something that is very particular to Kafka. Kafka uses long sentences yet keeps the novella moving at quite a fast pace. This is because he pays great attention to detail and turns each detail into something significant. Despite this, he is not particularly descriptive concerning the settings that he has chosen in Metamorphosis. This has the particular effect of rendering the scenes of Metamorphosis full of action and gripping for the reader. This is what I have tried to apply in my extension of Kafkas fantastic tale. Grete watched her father open the door, pull his feet across the mat, throw his overcoat off his shoulders and drop it on the banister. He took both his daughters shoulders, smiled at her for a moment with an expression that could only be associated with pride and then gently kissed her forehead. He then moved on to the kitchen, Grete in his footsteps. Once there, he placed his hand on his wifes shoulder, squeezed it, asked her what was for supper and, in turn, kissed her. Herr Samsa presently moved to the living room and with a pleasant sigh of relief he settled into an armchair and watched in amusement as Grete gazed fixedly at the clock on the wall counting down the seconds. At precisely five, the doorbell rang and Grete let out a little squeal of delight before glancing sheepishly at her father and rushing off to answer it. The same routine had not changed one bit for the last two months yet Herr Samsa could not complain. He knew that five was the time when he could afford himself the pleasure of watching his daughters face light up, making her even more beautiful; reminding him of the attractive and successful woman she was turning into. He had never been happier. Simple and polite but pleasant conversation came from the kitchen a mixture of questions, exclamations and quiet laughter. Following this, Grete entered with Franz who greeted Herr Samsa with a gentle inclination of his head. Ah! Franz my son! How are you? And how are things at work? asked Herr Samsa. Well, as you know sir, not too well Im afraid. We all have a ridiculous amount of work to get through and I, for one, can hardly cope. The only thing that keeps a smile on my face is the prospect of coming to visit your daughter each evening. Grete looked up at him adoringly and smiled before turning to her father with a face that begged no more talk of work matters. Accepting this, Herr Samsa looked at them both. Very well. Off you go. Thank you, sir replied Franz and he eagerly scuttled behind the beautiful young woman who led him to the parlour. Herr Samsa got up and poured himself a small glass of schnapps and settled back down into the warmth of his armchair. As he let his eyes close, he reflected upon how much better life was now. Even going back to work didnt bother him in the least. He felt healthier and fitter than he had been in a long time and he was now always able to join in with the family walks on Sundays. Franz also came with them. The four of them would walk with their arms linked, talking and laughing with a spring in their step. Thus half an hour passed very happily for Herr Samsa before he was called to join the rest of his family at the dinner table. Grete was rather sullen right throughout the meal. Her usual manner of vigorously attacking her food was not there. Eventually, whilst Gretes mother was in the kitchen, clearing the table, he asked her what the matter was. She dismissed the question with another intense stare at the table so her father thought it best to leave the matter alone. The next evening, the atmosphere at the dinner table was tense once again. Grete insisted on glaring sullenly at her plate. Again, Herr Samsa asked her what the matter was whilst his wife was busy in the kitchen. Once more, she tried to ignore him but this time, her father insisted and she lifted her face, covered in tears, before answering. Hes exhaustedI cant stand it anymorehe puts on a brave facebut with me She desperately tried to control herself but burst into tears. Frau Samsa, who had come back into the room, put her arm round her and encouraged her to go on. Gretes parents watched, bemused and shocked, for this was the first time they had seen her cry since theyd decided to restart their lives. Seeing the discomfort in her parents faces, Grete took a deep breath and started again. He doesnt complain about it but when were alone, he talks about nothing but work, almost as if he doesnt know how to talk about anything else. Just last night, instead of talking to me, he spent two whole hours studying a train timetable! And hes developed a regular twitchspasms every now and then. Hes not reallymy Franzanymore. The following evening, nothing changed. As always, Herr Samsa was met in the hallway by his daughter whom he embraced before making his way to the kitchen, in order to greet his wife. As Grete waited for the clock to approach five, she had the same anxious look on her face. But it faded and was replaced with a frown because as the hands hit five she heard a far-off cry. She glanced at her father but he obviously hadnt heard it and so she continued waiting. She was silently surprised that Franz hadnt turned up yet, despite the fact that it wasnt even a minute past yet. As she continued waiting, now perched on the arm of one of the sofas, she heard another cry, closer this time and it resembled more a scream. Yet again, Herr Samsa had not noticed but he was watching Grete with amusement as she visibly became more and more nervous as the minutes went by. Once again, a scream came from up the road. This time, it was accompanied by the smashing of a window. Grete rushed to the living room window and pressed herself up against the window to see what was going on. The last cry had even managed to reach her father and he too had jumped out of the comfort of his chair to see what was going on. Both wore anxious looks upon their faces and as more shouts of terror approached their house, Frau Samsa joined them from the kitchen, wiping the backs of her hands in her apron as she walked. Wheres Franz? she asked immediately. A look of horror crossed Gretes face as it occurred to her that the angry manifestation outside and Franzs lateness could be linked. She tried desperately to see what was going on through the living room window but the angle wasnt wide enough. A couple of flying stones and an apple came into her field of vision and with that she rushed to the front door with both her parents close behind her. It was as she grabbed the cold brass handle to pull the door open that she realised what this was. She remembered the conversation last night at the table and, sure enough, as she hastily poked her head through the door and looked down the street, she clasped her heart. Franz was there sure enough, scuttling desperately down the street, followed by an angry mob yelling at him in disgust and flinging stones of hatred at him. Before her parents were able to see anything, she ran back in, bolted the door and sunk to the floor. Bibliography à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka, translated by Malcolm Pasley, Penguin, 2000

A Report On Travel And Tourism Environment Tourism Essay

A Report On Travel And Tourism Environment Tourism Essay The purpose of this report is to survey the current state of the UK tourism market. This report examines the historical evolution of the travel and tourism industry in the UK, from ancient time to present in case of importance of being informed about, the history will lead us to understand the situation better and clearer and also it tries to clarify the current structure of the travel and tourism industry in the UK. Since we are facing many effects that economic policies have on different industries, the report also investigates the influence of both local and international agencies as well as global and national economic policy on tourism industry. The other section which has been explained in the current report is the effects of supply and demand on travel and tourism industry; its important to be discussed because of the clear vision itll give us in planning for the industry. Finally it should be noticed that all industries have some pros and cons and knowing them gives planners and managers to avoid making repetitive wrong decisions therefore I will describe what the positive and negative impacts are on local and the globe by tourism industry. History and structure of the travel and tourism industry History Since Persian king Darius the Great has made the first generation of roads and accommodation facilities for commuting, thousands of years has been past, its easy to find the footsteps of Egyptians and Romans as ancient travellers, Wikipedia (July 2010) comments that Wealthy people have always travelled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the rich. However, we have different concept of travelling and tourism today. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 1780 also the word tour was used by 14th century (Merriam-Websters 11th collegiate dictionary). Nowadays based on UNWTO 1993, tourism is defined as: The activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. The UK was always one of the pathfinders in history of tourism industry, since many of new travelling system has founded or developed by the UK such as The Elizabethan traveller in the renaissance or the first-ever excursions by Thomas cook, Cox kings company. The industry revolution and economic growth formed todays tourism, as a result of social changes and massive demands for having leisure and recreation in the new born industrial societies. Wikipedia (July 2010) claims that: Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom the first European country to promote leisure time to the increasing industrial population. Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners and the traders. These comprised the new middle class. The need for services led the companies to be founded, 2008 marked the 250th anniversary of the foundation of Cox Kings, the longest established travel company in the world. Cox Kings (2010) In the other words, we were facing Democratization of Tourism which has been described by John Urry. How has it occurred? Sharply (2006) noted that: an historical analysis of tourism development identifies three main periods within which specific forms of tourism can be identified: 1600-1800: a period which witnessed the rise and fall of the Grand Tour, as well as the popularity of spas as the first example of resort-based tourism e.g. tourism in the Lake District which dates back to 1698, when many visitors travelled to the Lake District for the education and the pleasure of the journey. 1800-1900: during this period, seaside resorts emerged and grew rapidly. The latter half of the 19th century also saw the birth and development of the package tour, with Thomas Cook being widely considered as the originator of the concept. 1900 onwards: a period initially defined by increasing domestic tourism but, since the 1960s, by the rapid growth of international mass tourism. The world has experienced a noticeable fluctuation on almost every thing while World War II, the tourism wasnt apart and had major shifts; Industries have increasingly become global in the Post-World War II period. Infrastructures and transportation have faced fundamental changes, some of them are: Using motor couches Increase in car ownership Increase in leisure time More disposable income and paid holiday Jet aircrafts developed Computerized reservation systems Introduction of holiday camps Low cost airlines Long haul destinations Package holidays Social changes Political changes Nowadays tourism is affected mostly by new social attitude of government and people toward terrorism after 9/11, financial recession in 2009 and growth of the internet and Medias. Structure Travel and tourism industry is really complicated and usually is considered as umbrella industry, since its dependence on a lot of factors and sectors which are working together, therefore every section should work correctly in order to be successful. This industry encompasses transportation system, accommodations, tour operators, travel agencies, cruise lines, adventure companies, receptive operators, convention bureaus and so on. According to Rowe et al (2002), Travel and tourism is able to be discussed in several categories, but we basically classify it in these three types that are presented by Diagram1: Travel and Tourism Domestic Tourism Inbound Tourism Outbound Tourism Figure 1 Domestic tourism is when people from a country take holidays, short breaks and day trip in their own homeland. Like a couple who take a two days break to visit their relatives in their own country. Inbound tourism is when some people enter to another country form their home country. Like a business group which enter England in order to attend a conference. Outbound tourism this terms is used when the people travel form their own country to visit the other part of the world for leisure or baseness. Like an Iranian family who goes to The U.S just for leisure. In the chart below the number of both inbound and outbound tourism in the UK have been compared since 2008: National Statistic Online (2010) Figure2 Source: National Statistic Online There is also another model suggested by Leiper in 1990, according to Cooper et al, (2008) there are three basic elements of Leipers model: Tourists Tourists are different in what their goals are and what they are traveling for but they are the first ring of this chain. Geographical elements Traveler-generating region Tourist destination region Tourist route region The tourism sector Figure 3 Some of the tourism sector includes: International or national tourism organizations e.g.: UNWTO, Visitbritainà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Transportation system e.g. airlines, rail system, ocean liners, rental cars, buses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Accommodations e.g. hotels, BBs, time share complex, campingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Tour operators, wholesalers, travel agencies, adventure companies, receptive operators, convention bureaus Visitors attractions e.g. museums, ancient monuments, landscapes Lets put Leipers model in practice with an example, a British young couple is traveling to Brazil in order to spend their honeymoon in Rio; Rio is famous for its great beaches. They fly by British Air Line, and booked a five star hotel at the beach through the internet. This package was designed by Travel to Heaven which is a wholesaler but they have bought it from a travel agency near their home in Sheffield. They are going to take the train to London since the flight is form Heathrow air port. A young couple is tourist. Geographical elements. Sheffield (England) is tourist generating region. Rio (Brazil) is tourist destination region. Taking the train from Sheffield and flying form Heathrow forms transit route region. Tourism elements are particularly Travel to Heaven, a small travel agency, a five star hotel, catering, national and international organizations, and so on. Tourism and travel Industry sometimes get impact of Integrations in companies which are an important occurrence; firstly we have to know that there are two kinds of integration, Horizontal and Vertical. According to Travel and Tourism Publishing (2010): Vertical integration in the travel industry is when a company has control over other companies that are at different levels in the chain of distribution or in different sectors for instance, TUI Travel UK owns Thomson and First Choice tour operating businesses, and the Thomson and First Choice travel agency chains. Thomas Cook AG (a German group) owns the Thomas Cook and MyTravel tour operating companies (including Airtours), plus the Thomas Cook and Going Places chains of travel agencies. Horizontal integration is when a company owns or has control over a number of companies at the same level in the distribution chain or the same industry sector for instance, many tour operating businesses that are now part of the big two were originally independent companies, e.g. Neilson and Club 18-30 (now part of the Thomas Cook Group), and Something Special and the Holiday Cottages Group (now merged with Thomson). These examples have made significant fluctuations in this industry both locally and globally. The influence of local and national governments and international agencies on the travel and tourism industry The nature of tourism industry as one of the worlds largest industries, employing approximately 235 million people and generating over 9.2 per cent of world GDP, due to its complex structure and its involvement in hundreds of different unit, cause it to be affected by the local and national governments as well as tourism organizations and agencies both domestically and globally. Figure 1 from Charles et al (2006) shows, all of these functions must be carried out with a high degree of cooperative interaction between the public and private sectors. Figure 4 Source: Tourism principle, practice and philosophies Organizations which lead tourism and travel industry are classified in four levels; some of these organizations are briefly described below, in addition it should be mentioned that Iran and Turkey have been selected as samples about national organizations. International organizations and agencies UNWTO: The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO/OMT) is a specialized agency of the united à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½nations and the leading international organization in the field of tourism. It serves as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism know-how.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½ UNWTO (September 2010). WTTC: The World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) is the forum for business leaders in the Travel Tourism industry. With Chief Executives of some one hundred of the worlds leading Travel Tourism companies as its Members, WTTC has a unique mandate and overview on all matters related to Travel Tourism. WTTC (September 2010). IATA: It is an international trade body, created over 60 years ago by a group of airlines. Today, IATA represents some 230 airlines comprising 93% of scheduled  international air traffic. The organization also represents leads and serves the airline industry in general.  IATA (September 2010)   Other organizations which have direct or indirect roles in tourism such as; WHO, IFC, IBRD, ICAO, UNESCO, OECD and so on Regional organizations PATA: The Pacific Asia Travel Association is a not-for-profit membership association dedicated to building responsible travel to, from and within the Pacific Asia Region. PATA (September 2010) ETC: The European Travel Commission (ETC) is an association of National Tourism Organizations (NTOs). It was created in 1948 to promote Europe as a destination to long-haul tourism markets. Visiteurope (September 2010) National organizations ICHTO: Iran Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization is responsible for culture heritage, handy crafts and tourism. Museums, hospitality sectors, catering services. Managing private sectors encircle organization duties. KULTUR: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a national organization which is in charge of tourism in Turkey. Local organizations GCHTO: Guilan Culture Heritage and Tourism Organization is a local organization that acts in Guilan province located in north of Iran. THA: Tehran Hotels Association, this association works to develop hotels and manage hospitality issues in Tehran the capital of Iran. Every province has its own association. These organizations are in charge of leading, managing, developing and making polices for expanding sustainable tourism criteria. Interrelate between these organizations is very crucial, since they are managing a massive industry. For example UNWTO is well-known for its unique statistics and surveys, also Charles et al (2006) declare that UNWTO has a central and decisive role in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism, with the aim of contributing to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity, and universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms. In pursuing this aim, WTO pays particular attention to the interests of the developing countries in the field of tourism. Its not only this organization involve in different regional projects, for instance the project of Silk road an ancient 12,000 Km form Asia to Europe. UNWTO is working on poverty soothing and omission through sustainable tourism, protecting children from sexual exploitation in tourism, crisis management, ecotourism, and safety and security. A good example for cooperation between all these organizations in different levels can be Rural Heritage Museum of Guilan this museum has been founded in 2005 with approximately four million dollars investment, its now in seventh phase. Its the first eco-museum in Iran. UNESCO, ICOM (international council of museum), university of Tehran, ICHTO, GCHTO, Financial sponsors and local communities involved in founding this museum as an unique experience in Iran. Here in this part of the report we are going to investigate what are the influences of these sectors on tourism; in addition the condition of these organizations and their effects will be examined in Iran. Naturally role of the government in totalitarian systems and communist regimes is more than the other sectors, because in these kinds of systems almost everything in all levels is controlled by the government. In addition finding suitable information based on reliable statistic is a troublesome action indeed. There are lots of outcomes can be identified in Iran during last few decades, for instance since Islamic revolution, Iran has faced fundamental fluctuations in politics, ideology, international relationship, economy and so on. All of these elements obviously influenced tourism industry, for example after the revolution many western countries werent interested to visit Iran mainly, because of the black face that the totalitarian regime of Iran had and also because of eight years war among Iran and Iraq which made the region unsafe, also partly because of limitation in social freedom for example in clothing or drinking. Political Issues and policies Sanctions after sanctions is what shows how bitter is the situation of Irans policy in international community; however in tourism destinations and attractions in the world ranking, Iran is in top twenties but in multi billion dollar tourism business its just near the finish line. Its hard to approve that you are not a terrorist as an ordinary citizen of Iran when you are preparing to travel to other countries; the process for getting visa is a pain due to political policy which Iran has and the feedback of the international community. Traveling to Iran form some countries is hard and sometimes impossible, for instance Israel and the United States. Political stability was threatened by 2009 presidential race and deception in the result which ends with Green Movement protests. This has decreased all domestic, outbound and inbound tourism, thus the investment in privet sector has declined. Economic Issues and policies The effect of economic issues is mostly touchable in domestic and outbound tourism not inbounds. Cutting taxes is an encouraging policy offered by government in order to increase privet sector role in tourism. Investing in tourism industry due to interest rate, inflation and economic stability ties with high risk, the interest rate in Iran is about 15% 25% and the inflation is usually more than 12% and mostly about 20%. Inbound tourism is benefiting with cheaper expenses thanks to the currency power, one $ US is about 10,000 IRR. Traveling by personal cars has been dramatically fall as a result of the policy of using Intelligent Fuel Cards that has been done by the government to reduce the petrol consumption in Iran. Other issues and policies Getting justification in order to run a business for private sector in Iran is a complicated and inexplicable process. A person who wants to invest in tourism fields should pass many filters and tests which arent necessarily relevant to the travel and tourism industry. There was a gradual rise in government employees travel by offering Expedition Cards from the government sector. People can use it to decrease their expenses while traveling. Educating and encouraging people to travel by advertising through the public Medias has made a fluctuation. Producing statistics and information is forgotten by authorities, and practically there isnt any reliable information about tourism industry. The new policy of government is to invest in health tourism thanks to Irans great infrastructure and substructure in this case. Investigate the effects of supply and demand on the travel and tourism industry Planning for enormous industries such tourism is much more vital today, so there should be a wise vision of what we have as facts and what is forecasted for the future. In addition analyzing supply and demand is a consequential procedure in a flourishing industry. As its been mentioned in the first task there are some models which illustrate structure of tourism, but it also can be defined with this two components; Cooper et al (2008) Demand-side definitions Supply-side definitions Since demand-side has an immense influence on supply-side, even we can say that supply is a function of demand, demand as a key factor of tourism industry will be discussed in this task. Indeed definition of demand is varying in the different subjects for example the explanation of demand in Economy may is differ with the definition in Psychology or Geography. But lets clarify according to Page (2007) tourism demand has been defined in numerous ways, including: The total number of persons who travel, or wish to travel, to use tourist facilities and services at places away from their places of work and residence; The relationship between individuals motivation [to travel] and their ability to do so; The schedule of the amount of any product or service which people are willing and able to buy at each specific price in a set of possible prices during a specified period of time. Each of these definitions in tourism has some elements according to cooper et al (2008) there are three elements in tourism demand: Demand elements Actual demand Suppressed demand No demand Figure 5 Effective or actual demand is the number of people participating in tourism, commonly expressed as the number of travelers. For instance thousands of people went to see World Cup in South Africa. Suppressed demand, which consists of the proportion of the population who are unable to travel because of, circumstances e.g. lack of purchasing power or lack of holidays. There were some people that liked to go and involve in World Cup but due to some circumstances like lack of money they couldnt make it. No demand includes those members of the population who have no desire to travel and those who are unable to travel due to family commitments or illness or they choose to spend their income on the other things rather than tourism. About the World Cup my brother is not interested in football at all so he should be in no demand category. Or may be some people are banded to enter South Africa so they are potentially categorized in no demand. As you can see all three elements can be explained in both geographical regions discussed by Leipers model. This may be an interesting question that: Why do people go on holiday? So lets see what motivations are, and what forms demand to travel. Knowing this is absolutely significant as a result of the importance of demand role in enhancement of tourism. Tourism demand determinants are different and a lot but most of the experts, despite of new determinants like globalization and environmentalism, believe that Uysel 1998 has explained these factors wisely. Figure 6 is his model in demand determinants. For better understanding lets have some examples, through these samples some of these determinants will be discussed, imagine an archeologist wants to visit Ancient Iran Museum to see Cyrus the great cylinder which is the first human right declaration that had kept in British museum beforehand. She wasnt able to go to Britain because it was not affordable for her for many reasons like: her disposable income wasnt enough, tourism price is high and exchange rate is dramatically upward but now she can easily see it (Economical determinants). Also if even she was able to pay for this travel she wasnt able to leave Iran, due to social and psychological reasons for example her father doesnt let her daughter leave Iran before she gets married, also she didnt have enough time for spending, and she is afraid of flying and so on (Social psychological determinants). Or think about an adventurous group interested in mount climbing and intend to go to Himalaya mountain range. Both Afghanistan and Nepal are good but due to war, terrorism, level of development in infrastructure and superstructure Nepals chance is more than Afghanistan (Exogenous determinants). Figure 6 Source: Reproduce form Tourism management managing for change Increasing tourism demand is led by two types of factors, Internal and External; external factors are those related to surrounding of person such as income and social condition. Internal factors are base on individual needs like health education and personal interests. In addition demand changes under many other circumstances through consumer behavior and decision process, cooper et al (2008) claim that decision making process as a system made up of four basic elements: Energizers of demand. These are the forces and influences that collectively create the motivation to travel or go on holiday. Effectors of demand. The information process and subsequent purchase decisions are influenced by the tourists knowledge and perceptions of particular places, destinations or experiences. These are the pull factors which lead the tourist to making particular travel choices. Roles and the decision-making process. Here, the important role is that of the family member who normally involved in the different stage of purchase process and the final resolution of decisions about when, where ad how the group will consume the tourism product. Determinants of demand. A variety of economic, social and psychological factors determine particular choices or filter out inappropriate products. These include tangible or descriptive demand factors, such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mobility à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employment and income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Paid holiday entitlement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Education levels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Demographic variables: age, gender, race, stage in the family life cycle. In the other hand studying demand can clarify vital data which are main requirements for contriving future plans including: Number of visitors arrived Means of transportation Length of staying Type of accommodation Money expenditure and so on These data and lots of other details can be deriving by analyzing the demand statistics and information. Now that there is a very good perception of demand in tourism we have to see what direct and indirect influences it has on supply, or in the other word how supply changes to meet demand. Some examples will clarify how the system is. Globalization has changed the globe in many ways Medias, internet and satellites are playing a massive role in forming tourism demand these days and of course supply side used this as an opportunity. Internet booking, international ads, online packages and virtual tours are all important for demand side and tourists. Thanks to these changes, now there are lots of online sites which serve consumers before making a decision. These web sites and TV ads are very important to conceptualize tourists mind beforehand. Its significant since it influences consumer behavior based on determinants that we discussed in advance. The number of visitors during a year is different, for example during summer only a few people wants to visit Sahara desert or in the winter many people intend to go ski in Europe. Low season and High season are tow different concept which supply side should be aware of, the policies for these two occasions should be different, for example offering lower price services to attract people in low season may is one of the strategies. Also in the high season setting new flights can be helpful in order to cover all visitors. Environmentalism as a new issue has changed the world view of point about many things, for example hotels try to be greener in order to pull more customers toward. Or tour packages to North Pole have been established as a result of increasing pattern of demand to visit ice melting phenomenon and being informed of what is going on in reality. Tourism is a rapidly growing phenomenon and has become one of the largest industries in the world. The impact of tourism is extremely varied. On one hand, it plays an important and certainly positive role in the socio-economic and political development in destination countries by, for instance, offering new employment opportunities. Also, in certain instances, it may contribute to a broader cultural understanding by creating awareness, respecting the diversity of cultures and ways of life. On the other hand, as a tool to create jobs, it has not fulfilled its expectations. At the same time, complaints from tourist destinations concerning massive negative impacts upon environment, culture and residents ways of life have given rise to a demand for a more sustainable development in tourism. Different parties will have to be involved in the process of developing sustainable tourism. This section focuses on what the tourism industry itself can do in order to increase its sustainability, defines three major problems, and suggests possible tourism initiatives to help solve these problems. Other problems should also be included in the discussion for it to become exhaustive. Wikipedia (July 2010) (Merriam-Websters 11th collegiate dictionary) Word Tourism Organization 1993. Sharply (2006) Rowe et al (2002), National Statistic Online (2010) [online] http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=352[Accessed: 20 July 2010] Cooper et al, 2008 Cox Kings (2010) Centuries of Experience [online]http://www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history.aspx, [Accessed: 20 July 2010] Travel and Tourism Publishing (2010) [online] www.tandtpublishing.co.uk/acatalog/pdf/unit12ppt.ppt [[Accessed: 27 July 2010] unwto (september2010) wttc (September 2010) IATA (September 2010)   PATA (September 2010) http://www.visiteurope.com/Footer/About-us Charles et al (2006) Task 5 Impact of tourism, UN PDF

Energy Conversion Energy Transfer Assignment

Energy Conversion Energy Transfer Assignment The technical specification for a transformer may be found by examining its name plate. All transformers on the distribution and transmission network have a name plate. This plate has useful information about the transformer, e.g. how it is cooled, its KVA rating, the year it was mad and its LV HV arrangement. The information is stamped or etched on so it is permanent. [1] Image 1 SSE GMT Dorset KVA This is the transformers apparent power rating. Volts This is the Primary and Secondary voltages values of the transformer Amperes This is the Max current rating for the transformer Phases The amount of phases on the HV and LV sides Diagram DWG No Transformer schematic reference number Makers Serial No This is the serial number from the transformers manufacture Polyphase KVA Type of cooling The way the transformer is cooled Frequency Number of cycles per second in an alternating current Impedance A ratio of the transformers normal full load current to the current available under short circuit conditions Vector group ref indicates the windings configurations and the difference in phase angle between them Core and windings This is the weight of the core and windings Weight of oil This is the oil weight Total weight this is the combined weight of the oil, core and windings Oil This is the amount of oil in the transformer Year of manufacture This is the year the transformer was made Owners No This is where the owner of the transformer can label there asset With electrical machines it is very often the temperature rise permitted in the windings and insulation that determines the output, this applies particularly to transformers. Transformers are identified according to the cooling medium employed and its circulation method. The designated letters are assigned. Medium/Method Symbol Cooling Medium Mineral Oil Gas Water Air Synthetic Insulating Liquid O G W A L Circulation Method Natural Forced Forced Directed N F D The identification code used consists of 4 letters giving details of the cooling medium and circulation method for both primary and secondary cooling system. 1st letter Method 2nd letter Circulation 3rd letter Medium 4th letter Circulation Cooling medium in contact with winding Cooling medium in contact with external cooling system 2. The following items are associated with power transformers. Conservator tank The oil conservator is a single protecting device made of sheet steel, resistant or not to vacuum. It is cylindrical and has two fixing brackets. Usually, it is placed on a structure fixed on the transformer, above the cover level. In each side of the conservator there is one hole allowing its eventual washing during the exploitation. This hole is closed by means of a plate, which can hold (depending on the needs) an oil level magnetic indicator. The conservator has several holes to which are connected the corresponding piping. Each one of these piping has its specific activity (connection to the air breather, to the transformer cover, sampling, etc.). If the transformer is equipped with on-load tap changer, the conservator is divided by a septum. The larger compartment feeds the tank of the transformer and the smaller one feeds the on-load tap changer-breaking chamber. [3] Buchholz relay Every type of fault which occurs in oil filed transformer gives rise to the generation of gas which may be slow in the case of minor faults or violent in the case of major faults. The Buchholz relay is inserted in the pipe connection between the transformer tank and conservator. The Buchholz relay comprises of a cast iron housing which contains 2 elements. A mercury float switch which detects a fall in oil level and a combined deflector plate and float switch mounted so that it will detect any rapid movement of oil from the transformer to the conservator. The slow production of gas due to a minor fault causes a stream of bubbles to pass into the Buchholz chamber, resulting in a slow displacement of the oil and lowering the upper float which when sufficient will generate a Buchholz Alarm. A serious fault will produce an explosive generation of gas which rapidly displaces the oil and causes a surge to pass along the pipe towards the conservator and in doing so displaces the deflection plate, operating the lower switch which produces a Buchholz Trip which causes the transformer circuit breaker to trip. A leakage of oil from the transformer tank causes a gradual fall in the level of oil which when sufficient will be seen by the Buchholz Alarm float switch. The relay is also fitted with a petcock which can be used to take oil samples for analysis of the fault. Image 3, SSE S/S Paisley Road, Southbourne, Buchholz relay Neutral Earthing Resistor (NER) Neutral earthing resistors are a type of protection device, protecting equipment when there is a fault on the network. They work by restricting the amount of voltage and current that flows through the neutral point of the transformer its connected to, to a level that is safe preventing any damage. Neutral earthing resistors are generally connected between ground and neutral of the transformer. [2] Image 4, SSE S/S Paisley Road, Southbourne, NRE Image 5, NER Diagram [2] 3. Circulating currents can sometimes occur in a power transformer, explain why this happens and whether it is a good thing for power transmission and distribution networks. Â  [4] References [2] https://www.captech.com.au/solution/neutral-earthing-resistor/ [3] Table from SSE Document Library Ref: TG-PS-445 33kV transformers [4] http://www.gozuk.com/blog/circulating-current-in-parallel-transformers-585733.html

John Paul Jones :: essays research papers

John Paul Jones The Bonhomme Richard vs. The HMS Serapis John Paul was born in the small fishing village of Arbigland, Scotland on July 6, 1747. To his parents John Paul and Jean MacDuff he was the fourth child. They had seven children but unfortunately all but two died in infancy. The family was originally from Fife but John Paul's father had taken the family and moved to Arbigland where William Craik, the owner of a large estate their had met him and hired him to be his gardener. John Paul grew up on this estate and to those who watched him grow up, it seemed that he always had a fascination and a passion to sail something. Whether it was a leaf as a child or a bit of wood blown by a small paper sail, John Paul was a seaman from birth. He attended Kirkbean School but spent much of his time at the small port of Carsethorn on the Solway Firth. As he grew up others often found him teaching his playmates to maneuver their little boats to mimic a naval battle, while he, taking his stand on the tiny cliff overlooking the small river, shouted shrill commands at his imaginary fleet. At the age of thirteen he boarded a ship to Whitehaven, which was a large port across the Solway Firth. There he signed up for a seven year seaman's apprenticeship on The Friendship of Whitehaven, whose captain was James Younger, a prosperous merchant and ship owner. His first voyage took him across the Atlantic Ocean to Barbados and Fredericksburg, Virginia at which he stayed with his older brother William, a tailor, who had left Scotland for America over thirteen years before, and who now was living comfortably and flourishing. John Paul was released from his apprenticeship at age 17 after which he went straight into the slave trade as third mate on King George of Whitehaven. After some time he became disgusted with the slave trade and returned home. John Paul had become a captain at the age of twenty-one. When on one of his missions, John Paul was accused of assaulting and killing one of his sailors, and was then arrested but found not guilty by the Tobago courts because of lack of evidence and testimony on his behalf. Because of this he fled to America and changed his name to John Paul Jones of which he was called for the rest of his life.

Coming of Age in Richard Wrights Black Boy Essay -- Wright Black Boy

Coming of Age in Wright's Black Boy Black Boy, created by Richard Wright with his soul and written as his shadow, is a subtly actualized chronicle of an adolescent's coming of age in the United States accompanying by a clear-cut denunciation of the Southern racial intolerance. Throughout the novel, said reasons for novelizing this superb piece of work, is upheld by numerous citations of maturity related incidents obscured by the racial era. With the myriad ingenious assertions within Black Boy in the context of the motivation in freelancing this novel, it is to my understanding that binary objectives takes place of which are truly relevant to one another. Ignorant readers assumed that Wright's reflections on childhood and youth ended with hope and promise. Ironically, Wright actually ended his reflections on juvenility with a ephemeral indictment on the South: "This was the culture from which I sprang. This was the terror from which I fled." [Page 303] Wright characterized himself in a society of racial consternation in which he was bound to deliberately undergo. He was confronted with the nurture in which he was soon frightened to reveal. His inexperienced nature encumbrance with obscene phenomenon in which he fled. His conception narrated his childhood, and correspondingly, the inhumane ethnic critique that was intimidating to his innocent intellect. And beyond reasons, affiliated both interpretations in a rationalized manner by utilizing the environmental factors as a part of growing up and indirectly criticized the acrimonious racism.  ... ...e repercussion to both a transcription of Wright's coming of age and his morally devious attack on the racial South. With the humanistic affirmations of such a conclusion that Black Boy was written as a scripture of one's coming of age as well as a seized inform against the Southern prejudice, it is unmistakable that Richard Wright composed this novel as a work of stunning imagination and mythic power with said reassuring reasons. Interdependent, as well as interrelated syllogism, sets my hindmost justified revelation that foresees no other echo, if an echo ever exist. Subsequently a controversy recapitulation, his "hazy notion that life could be lived with dignity, that the personalities of others should not be violated, that men should be able to confront other men without fear or shame."

The Essential Element to Be a Financial Planner

â€Å"Describe the essential element to be a successful financial planner in Hong Kong and China. Explain the challenges of practicing ethical financial planning in Hong Kong and China. † Successful financial planning Successful financial planning Establishing trusting relationships with clients Establishing trusting relationships with clients Strong reputation Strong reputation Professional and ethical behavior Professional and ethical behavior Strong financial planning knowledge Strong financial planning knowledge Strong interpersonal skills Strong interpersonal skillsFinancial planning has become much more important over the decade in Hong Kong and China. Many graduates and other people with professional financial planning knowledge engage into the field of financial planning. Being a successful financial planner, certain conditions should be fulfilled to respond the demand of clients and general public. Figure1 Conditions of successful financial planning As figure1 stated, a successful financial planner should establish trusting relationships with their clients which require strong reputation of those financial planners.There are three main elements to construct the strong reputation to the clients, including strong financial planning knowledge, strong interpersonal skills and professional and ethical behavior. Financial planners are required to have the all-round knowledge. They are expected to evaluate all aspects of the clients’ financial needs including consumption, income and wealth analysis, insurance, retirement life, tax and estate planning. They should provide value-added services to fulfill the needs of the clients accordingly. Also, there are some microeconomic and acroeconomic factors would affect the performance of the investment portfolio. A professional financial planner should have related knowledge for clients’ best interest. In Hong Kong, the financial market is well-developed . It is easy to find a large range of fina ncial products to invest. Plenty of choices imply that financial planners should understand the nature of each product to suit the client’s need. To increase public confidence in the financial planning, many banks and insurance companies require their staff to take the CFP examination.As for China, Chinese government has opened the financial market over the years which lead to the changes of the Chinese circumstance frequently. So financial planners in China are required to receive related education to enhance the public confident on financial planning. Taking the example of China taxation system, there were several changes in tax incentive for foreign business and individual income tax. Financial planners in China should aware these changes and modify their tax planning quickly for their clients.Interpersonal skills are essential to financial planners. Because they have to collect the data from their clients to make recommendations to their clients. When collecting data from their clients, financial planners should show their integrity and competence to convince the clients. It can be better to set the financial goal for their clients. Chinese people would not disclose their private information to the stranger easily. It hampers financial planners to help their clients to pursue their financial goals.Financial planners who serve for Chinese people should use their interpersonal skills to get close with their clients and collect more information. Many successful salespeople suggest making friend with the customers and clients. Caring with client’s needs help financial planners to make a close relationship with their clients. For example, one child policy in China makes the citizens to concern more about their retirement life. A financial planner can gain client’s trust by sharing their knowledge on retirement planning and making suggestions.Professional and ethical behavior is the third important element for financial planners to gain repu tation. Nowadays, more people concern about the ethical practice in financial sector, especially after the financial tsunami. Integrity can build trust with the clients and gain reputation. CFP Board set the â€Å"Code of Ethics and Professional Responsibility† which includes several principles – integrity, objectivity, competence, fairness, confidentiality, professionalism and diligence. Without these principles, a financial planner cannot establish a well relationship with their clients.To fulfill these three elements, a financial planner can gain good reputation among their clients and establish trusting relationships with them which make him or her to be a successful financial planner. CFP mark is the qualification recognized by Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB). A financial planner needs to fulfill certain conditions – education, examination, experience and ethics. Every financial planner would face ethical challenges when practicing financial plann ing. There are some examples for challenges of practicing ethical financial planning in Hong Kong and China.There are complex financial products in Hong Kong and China. It is hard to compare these new and complex products with the traditional one. The aim of financing planning is to provide professional services to suit the needs of their clients. Ethical practice means doing the right thing. A structured product can generate higher cash flow than treasury bonds in the blooming economic. However, it incurs higher risk for the client’s investment at the time. For the financial planner, it is difficult to say for certain that those new and complex products are better than the tradition investment tools.And it makes the decision-making to become harder. Another ethical challenge is the method of compensation. In US, most financial planners are compensated via a combination of fees and commissions. Comparing with the financial planners in Hong Kong and China, many of them are com pensated by commission and low basic salary. Commission is a motivation which drives financial planners to maximize the asset value of their clients. Higher growth rate of the asset value implies higher commission that planners can earn. However, commission-based compensation would bias financial planners to perform a risky portfolio.Instead of concerning clients’ interest, planners would pursue his or her own benefit for survival. Because the basic salary might not be enough for living. In Hong Kong and China, financial planners may face the pressure from their employers or supervisors. They have to meet the monthly quota of some â€Å"recommended† products. In general, they receive high commission by selling these products. Different from the salespeople, financial planners are advising their financial planning to their clients but not selling it. Those â€Å"recommended† products may not be suitable for their clients’ situation and needs.It goes agains t the principle that a financial planner should put client’s interest in the first priority. In conclusion, financial planners have to deal with many ethical dilemmas in reality. When a professional financial planner is facing the difficulty at work, he or she can still put their client’s interest on first and avoid the trap from those unethical practices. In the future, it is expected that the field of financial planning will grow extensively in Hong Kong and China. And there will be more professional financial planners to engage into this field.

Assessment ‘Of mice and men’ Essay

Of mice and men is a novel by john Steinbeck about two migrant agricultural labourers George Milton and Lennie Small. At the outstart they are working at a ranch in northern California. The ranch is a microcosm of the macrocosm that was in America at that time in 1939. During this period of failed businesses, harsh poverty, and long-term unemployment, we see how people attempted to survive on the ranch. In this essay I am going to clarify how Steinbeck presents the theme of discrimination in chapter 3. Discrimination seems particularly unpleasant on the ranch because there are lonely, isolated characters, who looking are for friends and an escape from solitariness. In chapter 3 we see discrimination in the form of racism, ageism and sexism. The victims of discrimination in this novel are: Crooks, a black stable buck; Curley’s Wife, the farm owner’s neglected daughter-in-law; and Candy, an old, disabled housekeeper. Crooks, is terribly discriminated against because of his natural skin colour, which he has no choice to change it. â€Å"S’pose you couldn’t go into the bunk house and play rummy ’cause you was black† this illustrates that the migrants on the ranch discriminate against him by having him left out of the gang. Furthermore he lives in a little shack on his own. They don’t treat him equally; in fact it almost feels like as if they don’t see him as human being. They don’t care about his feelings and emotions; nevertheless this isolation has consequently affected his mental and physical well being. Crooks is not allowed to enter the Bunk house, whereas Candy’s dog can. Therefore clearly this shows that they treat animals better than him. Although the dog has someone that looks out for him, crooks has no one except his books. Despite him believing that â€Å"Books ain’t no good†. Crooks had a bright childhood where he could play with white children and socialise with them, but this discrimination against him has affected him deeply. He never accepted this way of life unlike other slaves of his time, â€Å"I got a right to have a light† this shows that he is aware of his rights, even when he is having a simple conversation with mentally ill Lennie, who has no idea about rights not even his. Evidently this discrimination made crooks desperate for a companionship, â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody† this demonstrates that crooks has gone to the point where he is dying for a shoulder to cry on, even Lennie with a childlike brain. â€Å"Don’t make no difference who the guy is, long’s he’s with you†, This implies that he doesn’t care if the friend is white or black, furthermore it shows that crooks is not racist. He plays horseshoes all day as an attempt to be liked and be accepted for what he is. Similarly Candy is discriminated against because of his age. As they know that he hasn’t got the physical strength to defend himself or his dog, they take advantage of him and forced him to allow his only friend to be killed. Steinbeck used this to clarify that within the society the powerful ones rule the helpless and no matter what we do there will always be evil around us. â€Å"Why’n’t you get candy to shoot his dog†. This makes candy think that this could be the prospect for him when he gets useless. It drove him to the desperation point of putting his life saving into the hands of complete strangers wanting to escape from the same ending as his beloved dog. The men on the ranch describe the dog as a â€Å"stinking hound† and an â€Å"old bastard†. Candy feels dejected as he says â€Å"I wish somebody would shoot me when I become useless†. He feels left out and not respected because of his age as they killed his only friend, he feels that he doesn’t wish to live without his precious dog anymore. Candy, a lost old man, he’s missing a hand and his most reliable and trust worthy companion. â€Å"i lost my hand my hand right here on this ranch, that’s why they gave me a job swampin'† this worries candy that he will get fired soon because if he can no longer work he will be dispensable. Steinbeck used this character because the older generation would relate to him. Curley’s wife is the only women on the ranch. Everybody makes fun of her; they don’t talk to her as a friend because she’s a woman. â€Å"Aint I got a right to talk to nobody? Whatta they think I am anyways?†.This quotation shows that she is quarantined from the other migrants just like crooks and candy they are all isolated characters. The men on the ranch don’t give a chance to get to know her personally, they just labelled her a â€Å"trouble maker†, and being Curley’s wife doesn’t do her any favour. As we never hear her real name in the book it shows how belittled she is, she is seen as a property of Curley’s. Steinbeck did this because back in those days men were dominant and women were just seen as house wives. The men on the ranch act on their prejudice calling her nasty names such as a â€Å"rattrap†, â€Å"jailbait†, and â€Å"tart†. Due to this she feels alone and discriminated against, because she is only seeking for attention to make friends, she’s is not what they describe to be. Curley’s wife is desperate for a companion just like candy and Crooks; she wants someone to listen to her because Curley is never around, he never gives her the attention she needs, â€Å"I don’t like Curley, he ain’t a nice fella†, clearly shows that she isn’t happy, she feels trapped and lonely. Due to this she wonders around the ranch looking something to do, someone to talk to. Overall in conclusion Steinbeck carefully used these types of characters, because they each represent different society at that time of the book. Racism was very high and discrimination against women and the elderly were very common. I think the novel has relevance in our culture; it portrays the issues of discrimination and racism. I think Steinbeck wrote this book to show the world that within our society we have a disgusting habit of making other feel down.